Zeit- und Frequenzbereichanalyse

Systemantworten wie Bode-Diagramme und Sprungantworten; Systemeigenschaften wie Antwortzeit und Überschwingen; Simulation

Mit den Befehlen zur Zeit- und Frequenzbereichanalyse können Sie Systemantworten von SISO- und MIMO-Systemen wie Bode-Diagramme, Nichols-Diagramme, Sprungantworten und Impulsantworten berechnen und visualisieren. Sie können auch Systemeigenschaften wie Anstiegszeit und Einschwingzeit, Überschwingen und Stabilitätsreserven extrahieren. Informationen für den Einstieg in die Erstellung von Antwortdiagrammen finden Sie unter Plotting System Responses. Weitere Informationen zum Anpassen von Antwortdiagrammen finden Sie unter Anpassung von Diagrammen.

Funktionen

alle erweitern

Zeitbereichsanalyse

Antwortdiagramme

`impulseplot`	Plot impulse response of dynamic system
`initialplot`	Plot initial condition response of dynamic system
`stepplot`	Plot step response of dynamic system
`lsimplot`	Plot simulated time response of dynamic system to arbitrary inputs

Antwortdaten

`step`	Sprungantwort eines dynamischen Systems
`stepinfo`	Rise time, settling time, and other step-response characteristics
`impulse`	Impulsantwort-Diagramm eines dynamischen Systems, Impulsantwortdaten
`initial`	System response to initial states of state-space model
`lsim`	Compute time response simulation data of dynamic system to arbitrary inputs
`lsiminfo`	Compute linear response characteristics
`covar`	Output and state covariance of system driven by white noise

Antwortoptionen

`RespConfig`	Options for step or impulse responses (Seit R2023a)
`gensig`	Create periodic signals for simulating system response with `lsim`

Frequenzbereichanalyse

Antwortdiagramme

`bodeplot`	Plot Bode frequency response of dynamic system
`nicholsplot`	Plot Nichols frequency response of dynamic system
`nyquistplot`	Plot Nyquist response of dynamic system
`sigmaplot`	Plot singular values for frequency response of dynamic system
`bodemag`	Magnitude-only Bode plot of frequency response

Antwortdaten

`bode`	Bode-Frequenzgang eines dynamischen Systems
`nyquist`	Nyquist-Antwort eines dynamischen Systems
`nichols`	Nichols response of dynamic system
`sigma`	Singular values of frequency response of dynamic system
`freqresp`	Evaluate system response over a grid of frequencies
`evalfr`	Evaluate system response at specific frequency
`dcgain`	Niederfrequenzverstärkung (Gleichstrom) des LTI-Systems
`bandwidth`	Frequency response bandwidth
`getPeakGain`	Peak gain of dynamic system frequency response
`getGainCrossover`	Crossover frequencies for specified gain
`fnorm`	Pointwise peak gain of FRD model
`norm`	Norm of linear model
`db2mag`	Konvertieren von Dezibel (dB) in Größe
`mag2db`	Konvertieren der Größe in Dezibel (dB)

Systemantworten

`getLoopTransfer`	Open-loop transfer function of control system represented by `genss` model
`getIOTransfer`	Closed-loop transfer function from generalized model of control system
`getSensitivity`	Sensitivity function from generalized model of control system
`getCompSensitivity`	Complementary sensitivity function from generalized model of control system

Apps

Linear System Analyzer

Analyze time-domain and frequency-domain responses of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems

Tools

Linear Simulation Tool

Specify input signals and initial conditions for simulating linear models with arbitrary input signals and initial conditions

Live Editor Tasks

Diagramm erstellen

Interactively create linear analysis response plots in the Live Editor (Seit R2022b)

Blöcke

LTI System

Verwendung zeitinvarianter Systemmodellobjekte in Simulink

Themen

Grundlagen von Analysediagrammen

Plotting System Responses
This example shows an overview of generating time-domain and frequency-domain response plots.

Zeitbereichsanalyse

Time-Domain Responses

Generate and visualize time-response data such as step response and impulse response.
Time-Domain Characteristics on Response Plots
Visualize time-domain system characteristics such as settling time and overshoot on response plots.
Numeric Values of Time-Domain System Characteristics
Use the stepinfo function to obtain numeric values of step response characteristics such as rise time, settling time, and overshoot.

Frequenzbereichanalyse

Frequency-Domain Responses

Generate and visualize frequency-response data such as Bode plots and Nichols plots.
- Frequency Response of a SISO System
- Frequency Response of a MIMO System
Frequency-Domain Characteristics on Response Plots
Visualize frequency-domain system characteristics such as peak response on plots.
Numeric Values of Frequency-Domain Characteristics of SISO Model
Obtain numeric values of frequency-domain characteristics such as peak gain, dc gain, and system bandwidth.

Linear System Analyzer

Joint Time-Domain and Frequency-Domain Analysis
Compare multiple types of responses side by side, including both time-domain and frequency-domain responses, using the Linear System Analyzer app.
Analyzing MIMO Models
In analysis plots of multiple-input, multiple output LTI models, there are plot tools for selecting subsystems and grouping I/O pairs.

Systeme mit Zeitverzögerungen

Analyze Dynamic Systems with Time Delays
The time and frequency responses of delay systems can have features that can look odd to those only familiar with delay-free LTI analysis.
Analyze Control Systems with Delays
Many processes involve dead times, also referred to as transport delays or time lags. Controlling such processes is challenging because delays cause phase shifts that limit the control bandwidth and affect closed-loop stability.
Validate Simulation Results for Models with Internal Delays
Validate the accuracy of simulations with internal delays by varying sample time. (Seit R2026a)