fdesign.bandpass

Bandpass filter design specification object

Syntax

bandpassSpecs = fdesign.bandpass

bandpassSpecs = fdesign.bandpass(spec,value1,...,valueN)

bandpassSpecs = fdesign.bandpass(___,Fs)

bandpassSpecs = fdesign.bandpass(___,magunits)

Description

The fdesign.bandpass function returns a bandpass filter design specification object that contains specifications for a filter such as passband frequency, stopband frequency, passband ripple, and filter order. Use the design function to design the filter from the filter design specifications object.

For more control options, see Filter Design Procedure. For a complete workflow, see Design a Filter in Fdesign — Process Overview.

bandpassSpecs = fdesign.bandpass constructs a bandpass filter design specifications object with the following default values:

• First stopband frequency set to 0.35.

• First passband frequency set to 0.45.

• Second passband frequency set to 0.55.

• Second stopband frequency set to 0.65.

• First stopband attenuation set to 60 dB.

• Passband ripple set to 1dB.

• Second stopband attenuation set to 60 dB.

bandpassSpecs = fdesign.bandpass(spec,value1,...,valueN) constructs a bandpass filter specification object with a particular filter order, stopband frequency, passband frequency, and other specification options. Indicate the options you want to specify in the expression spec. After the expression, specify a value for each option. If you do not specify values after the spec argument, the function assumes the default values.

bandpassSpecs = fdesign.bandpass(___,Fs) provides the sample rate in Hz of the signal to be filtered. Fs must be specified as a scalar trailing the other numerical values provided. In this case, all frequencies in the specifications are in Hz as well.

The design specification fdesign.bandpass('Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2',.4,.5,.6,.7,60,1,80) designs the same filter as fdesign.bandstop('Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2',1600,2000,2400,2800,60,1,80,8000)

bandpassSpecs = fdesign.bandpass(___,magunits) provides the units for the specified magnitude. magunits can be one of the following: 'linear', 'dB', or 'squared'. If this argument is omitted, the object assumes the units of magnitude specification to be 'dB'. The magnitude specifications are always converted and stored in decibels regardless of how they were specified. If Fs is provided, magunits must follow Fs in the input argument list.

Examples

Design Equiripple FIR Bandpass Filter

Design a constrained-band FIR equiripple filter of order 100 with a passband of [1, 1.4] kHz. Both stopband attenuation values are constrained to 60 dB. The sample rate is 10 kHz.

Create a bandpass filter design specification object using the fdesign.bandpass function and specify these design parameters.

bandpassSpecs = fdesign.bandpass('N,Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,C',100,800,1e3,1.4e3,1.6e3,1e4);

Constrain the two stopbands with a stopband attenuation of 60 dB.

bandpassSpecs.Stopband1Constrained = true;
bandpassSpecs.Astop1 = 60;
bandpassSpecs.Stopband2Constrained = true;
bandpassSpecs.Astop2 = 60;

Design the bandpass filter using the design function. The resulting filter is a dsp.FIRFilter System object™. For details on how to apply this filter on streaming data, refer to dsp.FIRFilter.

bandpassFilt = design(bandpassSpecs,Systemobject=true)

bandpassFilt = 
  dsp.FIRFilter with properties:

            Structure: 'Direct form'
      NumeratorSource: 'Property'
            Numerator: [5.5055e-04 5.4751e-05 -2.2052e-05 6.5244e-05 3.6129e-04 5.7237e-04 1.9824e-04 -9.8650e-04 -0.0025 -0.0030 -0.0014 0.0023 0.0062 0.0075 0.0040 -0.0034 -0.0109 -0.0135 -0.0082 0.0031 0.0142 0.0181 0.0119 -0.0012 ... ] (1x101 double)
    InitialConditions: 0

  Use get to show all properties

Visualize the frequency response of the designed filter.

filterAnalyzer(bandpassFilt)

Measure the frequency response characteristics of the filter using measure. The passband ripple is slightly over 2 dB. Because the design constrains both stopbands, you cannot constrain the passband ripple.

measure(bandpassFilt)

ans = 
Sample Rate             : 10 kHz     
First Stopband Edge     : 800 Hz     
First 6-dB Point        : 946.7621 Hz
First 3-dB Point        : 975.1807 Hz
First Passband Edge     : 1 kHz      
Second Passband Edge    : 1.4 kHz    
Second 3-dB Point       : 1.4248 kHz 
Second 6-dB Point       : 1.4533 kHz 
Second Stopband Edge    : 1.6 kHz    
First Stopband Atten.   : 60.0614 dB 
Passband Ripple         : 2.1443 dB  
Second Stopband Atten.  : 60.0399 dB 
First Transition Width  : 200 Hz     
Second Transition Width : 200 Hz     
 

Design Butterworth IIR Bandpass Filter

Design a Butterworth IIR bandpass filter. The filter design procedure is:

1. Specify the filter design specifications using a fdesign function.

2. Pick a design method provided by the designmethods function.

3. To determine the available design options to choose from, use the designoptions function.

4. Design the filter using the design function.

Construct a default bandpass filter design specification object using fdesign.bandpass.

bandpassSpecs = fdesign.bandpass

bandpassSpecs = 
  bandpass with properties:

               Response: 'Bandpass'
          Specification: 'Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2'
            Description: {7x1 cell}
    NormalizedFrequency: 1
                 Fstop1: 0.3500
                 Fpass1: 0.4500
                 Fpass2: 0.5500
                 Fstop2: 0.6500
                 Astop1: 60
                  Apass: 1
                 Astop2: 60

Determine the available design methods using the designmethods function. To design a Butterworth filter, pick butter.

designmethods(bandpassSpecs,'Systemobject',true)

Design Methods that support System objects for class fdesign.bandpass (Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2):


butter
cheby1
cheby2
ellip
equiripple
kaiserwin

When designing the filter, you can specify additional design options. View a list of options using the designoptions function. The function also shows the default design options the filter uses.

designoptions(bandpassSpecs,'butter')

ans = struct with fields:
           FilterStructure: {'df1sos'  'df2sos'  'df1tsos'  'df2tsos'  'cascadeallpass'  'cascadewdfallpass'}
              SOSScaleNorm: 'ustring'
              SOSScaleOpts: 'fdopts.sosscaling'
              MatchExactly: {'passband'  'stopband'}
              SystemObject: 'bool'
    DefaultFilterStructure: 'df2sos'
       DefaultMatchExactly: 'stopband'
       DefaultSOSScaleNorm: ''
       DefaultSOSScaleOpts: [1x1 fdopts.sosscaling]
       DefaultSystemObject: 0

Use the design function to design the filter. Pass 'butter' and the specifications given by variable bandpassSpecs, as input arguments. Specify the 'matchexactly' design option to 'passband'.

bpFilter = design(bandpassSpecs,'butter','matchexactly','passband','SystemObject',true)

bpFilter = 
  dsp.SOSFilter with properties:

            Structure: 'Direct form II'
    CoefficientSource: 'Property'
            Numerator: [7x3 double]
          Denominator: [7x3 double]
       HasScaleValues: true
          ScaleValues: [0.1657 0.1657 0.1561 0.1561 0.1504 0.1504 0.1485 1]

  Use get to show all properties

Visualize the frequency response of the designed filter.

freqz(bpFilter)

Bandpass Filtering of Sinusoids

Bandpass filter a discrete-time sine wave signal which consists of three sinusoids at frequencies, 1 kHz, 10 kHz, and 15 kHz.

Design an FIR Equiripple bandpass filter by first creating a bandpass filter design specifications object, and then designing a filter using these specifications.

Design Bandpass Filter

Create a bandpass filter design specifications object using fdesign.bandpass.

bandpassSpecs = fdesign.bandpass('Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2', ...
    1/4,3/8,5/8,6/8,60,1,60);

List the available design methods for this object.

designmethods(bandpassSpecs)

Design Methods for class fdesign.bandpass (Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2):


butter
cheby1
cheby2
ellip
equiripple
kaiserwin

To design an Equiripple filter, pick 'equiripple'.

bpFilter = design(bandpassSpecs,'equiripple',Systemobject=true)

bpFilter = 
  dsp.FIRFilter with properties:

            Structure: 'Direct form'
      NumeratorSource: 'Property'
            Numerator: [-0.0043 -3.0812e-15 0.0136 3.7820e-15 -0.0180 -4.2321e-15 7.1634e-04 4.0993e-15 0.0373 -4.1057e-15 -0.0579 3.7505e-15 0.0078 -3.4246e-15 0.1244 2.4753e-15 -0.2737 -8.6287e-16 0.3396 -8.6287e-16 -0.2737 ... ] (1x37 double)
    InitialConditions: 0

  Use get to show all properties

Visualize the frequency response of the designed filter.

freqz(bpFilter,[],44100)

Create Sinusoidal Signal

Create a signal that is a sum of three sinusoids with frequencies at 1 kHz, 10 kHz, and 15 kHz. Initialize spectrum analyzer to view the original signal and the filtered signal.

Sine1 = dsp.SineWave(Frequency=1e3,SampleRate=44.1e3,SamplesPerFrame=4000);
Sine2 = dsp.SineWave(Frequency=10e3,SampleRate=44.1e3,SamplesPerFrame=4000);
Sine3 = dsp.SineWave(Frequency=15e3,SampleRate=44.1e3,SamplesPerFrame=4000);

SpecAna = spectrumAnalyzer(PlotAsTwoSidedSpectrum=false, ...
    SampleRate=Sine1.SampleRate, ...
    ShowLegend=true, ...
    YLimits=[-240,45]);

SpecAna.ChannelNames = {'Original noisy signal','Bandpass filtered signal'};

Filter Sinusoidal Signal

Filter the sinusoidal signal using the bandpass filter that has been designed. View the original signal and the filtered signal in the spectrum analyzer. The tone at 1 kHz is filtered out and attenuated. The tone at 10 kHz is unaffected, and the tone at 15 kHz is mildly attenuated because it appears in the transition band of the filter.

for i = 1:5000
    x = Sine1()+Sine2()+Sine3();
    y = bpFilter(x);
    SpecAna(x,y);
end
release(SpecAna)

Input Arguments

spec — Specification

'Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2' (default) | 'N,F3dB1,F3dB2' | 'N,F3dB1,F3dB2,Ap' | ...

Specification expression, specified as one of these character vectors:

• 'Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2' (default)

• 'N,F3dB1,F3dB2'

• 'N,F3dB1,F3dB2,Ap'

• 'N,F3dB1,F3dB2,Ast'

• 'N,F3dB1,F3dB2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2'

• 'N,F3dB1,F3dB2,BWp'

• 'N,F3dB1,F3dB2,BWst'

• 'N,Fc1,Fc2'

• 'N,Fc1,Fc2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2'

• 'N,Fp1,Fp2,Ap'

• 'N,Fp1,Fp2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2'

• 'N,Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2'

• 'N,Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,C'

• 'N,Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,Ap'

• 'N,Fst1,Fst2,Ast'

• 'Nb,Na,Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2'

This table describes each option that can appear in the expression.

Specification option	Description
Ap	Amount of ripple allowed in passband, specified as Apass in dB.
Ast	Stopband attenuation (dB), specified using Astop.
Ast1	Attenuation in the first stopband (dB), specified using Astop1.
Ast2	Attenuation in the second stopband (dB), specified using Astop2.
BWp	Bandwidth of the filter passband, specified as BWpass in normalized frequency units.
BWst	Frequency width between the two stopband frequencies, specified as BWstop in normalized frequency units.
F3dB1	Frequency of the 3 dB point below the passband value for the first cutoff, specified in normalized frequency units. Applies to IIR filters.
F3dB2	Frequency of the 3 dB point below the passband value for the second cutoff, specified in normalized frequency units. Applies to IIR filters.
Fc1	First cutoff frequency (normalized frequency units), specified using Fcutoff1. Applies to FIR filters.
Fc2	Second cutoff frequency (normalized frequency units), specified using Fcutoff1. Applies to FIR filters.
Fp1	Frequency at the edge of the start of the passband, specified as Fpass1 in normalized frequency units.
Fp2	Frequency at the edge of the end of the passband, specified as Fpass2 in normalized frequency units.
Fst1	Frequency at the edge of the end of the first stop band, specified as Fstop1 in normalized frequency units.
Fst2	Frequency at the edge of the start of the second stop band, specified as Fstop2 in normalized frequency units.
N	Filter order for FIR filters. Or both the numerator and denominator orders for IIR filters when Na and Nb are not provided. Specified using FilterOrder.
Nb	Numerator order for IIR filters, specified using the NumOrder property.
Na	Denominator order for IIR filters, specified using the DenOrder property.
C	Constrained band flag. This enables you to specify passband ripple or stopband attenuation for fixed-order designs in one or two of the three bands. For more details, see c.

Graphically, the filter specifications look similar to those shown in this figure.

Regions between specification values like Fst1 and Fp1 are transition regions where the filter response is not explicitly defined.

The design methods available for designing the filter depend on the specification expression. You can obtain these methods using the designmethods function. This table lists each specification expression supported by fdesign.bandpass and the available corresponding design methods.

Specification expression	Supported design methods
'Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2'	butter, cheby1, cheby2, ellip, equiripple, kaiserwin
'N,F3dB1,F3dB2'	butter
'N,F3dB1,F3dB2,Ap'	cheby1
'N,F3dB1,F3dB2,Ast'	cheby2, ellip
'N,F3dB1,F3dB2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2'	ellip
'N,F3dB1,F3dB2,BWp'	cheby1
'N,F3dB1,F3dB2,BWst'	cheby2
'N,Fc1,Fc2'	window
'N,Fc1,Fc2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2'	fircls
'N,Fp1,Fp2,Ap'	cheby1
'N,Fp1,Fp2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2'	ellip
'N,Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2'	iirlpnorm, equiripple, firls
'N,Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,C'	equiripple
'N,Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,Ap'	ellip
'N,Fst1,Fst2,Ast'	cheby2
'Nb,Na,Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2'	iirlpnorm

To design the filter, call the design function with one of these design methods as an input. You can choose the type of filter response by passing 'FIR' or 'IIR' to the design function. For more details, see design. Enter help(bandpassSpecs,'method') at the MATLAB^® command line to obtain detailed help on the design options for a given design method.

value1,...,valueN — Specification values

comma-separated list of values

Specification values, specified as a comma-separated list of values. Specify a value for each option in spec in the same order that the options appear in the expression.

Example: bandpassSpecs = fdesign.bandpass('N,Fc1,Fc2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2',n,fc1,fc2,ast1,ap,ast2)

The input arguments below provide more details for each option in the expression.

n — Filter order

positive integer

Filter order for FIR filters, specified as a positive integer. In the case of an IIR filter design, if nb and na are not provided, this value is interpreted as both the numerator order and the denominator order.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

nb — Numerator order for IIR filters

nonnegative integer

Numerator order for IIR filters, specified as a nonnegative integer.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

na — Denominator order for IIR filters

positive integer

Denominator order for IIR filters, specified as a positive integer.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

c — Constrained band flag

logical

This enables you to specify passband ripple or stopband attenuation for fixed-order designs in one or two of the three bands.

In the specification 'N,Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,C', you cannot specify constraints for all three bands (two stopbands and one passband) simultaneously. You can specify constraints in any one or two bands.

Consider the following bandpass design specification where both the stopbands are constrained to the default value 60 dB.

Example: spec = fdesign.bandpass('N,Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,C',100,800,1e3,1.4e3,1.6e3,1e4); spec.Stopband1Constrained=true; spec.Stopband2Constrained=true;

ap — Passband ripple

positive scalar

Passband ripple, specified as a positive scalar in dB. If magunits is 'linear' or 'squared', the passband ripple is converted and stored in dB by the function regardless of how it has been specified.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

ast — Stopband attenuation

positive scalar

Stopband attenuation, specified as a positive scalar in dB. If magunits is 'linear' or 'squared', the stopband attenuation is converted and stored in dB by the function regardless of how it has been specified.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

ast1 — First stopband attenuation

positive scalar

Attenuation in the first stopband, specified as a positive scalar in dB. If magunits is 'linear' or 'squared', the first stopband attenuation is converted and stored in dB by the function regardless of how it has been specified.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

ast2 — Second stopband attenuation

positive scalar

Attenuation in the second stopband, specified as a positive scalar in dB. If magunits is 'linear' or 'squared', the second stopband attenuation is converted and stored in dB by the function regardless of how it has been specified.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

F3dB1 — First 3 dB frequency

positive scalar

First 3 dB frequency, specified as positive scalar in normalized frequency units.

This is the frequency of the 3 dB point below the passband value for the first cutoff. This input argument applies to IIR filters only.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

F3dB2 — Second 3 dB frequency

positive scalar

Second 3 dB frequency, specified as positive scalar in normalized frequency units.

This is the frequency of the 3 dB point below the passband value for the second cutoff. This input argument applies to IIR filters only.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

fc1 — First cutoff frequency

positive scalar

First cutoff frequency, specified as positive scalar in normalized frequency units.

This input argument applies to FIR filters only.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

fc2 — Second cutoff frequency

positive scalar

Second cutoff frequency, specified as positive scalar in normalized frequency units.

This input argument applies to FIR filters only.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

fst1 — First stopband frequency

positive scalar

First stopband frequency, specified as positive scalar in normalized frequency units.

This is the frequency at the edge of the end of the first stopband.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

fst2 — Second stopband frequency

positive scalar

Second stopband frequency, specified as a positive scalar in normalized frequency units.

This is the frequency at the edge of the start of the second stopband.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

fp1 — First passband frequency

positive scalar

First passband frequency, specified as positive scalar in normalized frequency units.

This is the frequency at the edge of the start of the first passband.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

fp2 — Second passband frequency

positive scalar

Second passband frequency, specified as positive scalar in normalized frequency units.

This is the frequency at the edge of the end of the passband.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

bwp — Passband frequency width

positive scalar

Bandwidth of the filter passband in normalized frequency units, specified as a positive scalar less than F3dB2−F3dB1.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

bwst — Frequency width between stopband frequencies

positive scalar

Frequency width between the two stopband frequencies, specified as a positive scalar in normalized frequency units.

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

Fs — Sample rate

scalar

Sample rate of the signal to be filtered, specified as a scalar in Hz. Specify the sample rate as a scalar trailing the other numerical values provided. When Fs is provided, Fs is assumed to be in Hz, as are all other frequency values. Note that you do not have to change the specification string.

The following design has the specification string set to 'Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2', and sample rate set to 8000 Hz.

bandpassSpecs = fdesign.bandpass('Fst1,Fp1,Fp2,Fst2,Ast1,Ap,Ast2',1600,2000,2400,2800,60,1,80,8000); filt = design(bandpassSpecs,'Systemobject',true);

Data Types: single | double | int8 | int16 | int32 | int64 | uint8 | uint16 | uint32 | uint64

magunits — Magnitude units

'dB' (default) | 'linear' | 'squared'

Magnitude specification units, specified as 'dB', 'linear', or 'squared'. If this argument is omitted, the object assumes the units of magnitude to be 'dB'. Note that the magnitude specifications are always converted and stored in dB regardless of how they were specified. If Fs is one of the input arguments, magunits must be specified after Fs in the input argument list.

Output Arguments

bandpassSpecs — Bandpass filter design specification object

bandpass object

Bandpass filter design specification object, returned as a bandpass object. The fields of the object depend on the spec input character vector.

Consider an example where the spec argument is set to 'N,Fc1,Fc2', and the corresponding values are set to 10, 0.6, and 0.8, respectively. The bandpass filter design specification object is populated with the following fields:

Version History

Introduced in R2009a