By default (and when the "Saturation on integer overflow" is checked in MATLAB coder settings), when an arithmetic operation involving integers exceeds the maximum or minimum value, the result is set to the maximum or minimum value. This is known as "saturation"
For example, if we consider 8-bit signed integers with a maximum value of 127 and a minimum value of -128:
>> x = int8(127) + 1
x =
int8
127
>> x = int8(-128) - 1
x =
int8
-128
>> x = int8(-128) - 8
x =
int8
-128
When the "Saturation on integer overflow" property is unchecked, then any amount that overflows or exceeds the maximum or minimum value is wrapped around to the opposite extreme. This is known as "wrapping". For example:
>> x = int8(127) + 1
x =
int8
-128
>> x = int8(-128) - 1
x =
int8
127
>> x = int8(-128) - 8
x =
int8
120
Please note that this checkbox applies only to MATLAB code generation, and not to executing MATLAB files or executing MATLAB commands in the Command Window. For more information regarding this behavior, see the following documentation:
