"Why I can't get the values from matrix x in function MyInput() to use in another function?"
Basically because you did not call MyInput with an output argument.
Note that it makes little sense to define Calculate with an input argument... and then completely ignore that input argument by redefining it on the first line of code. Much better to use that input argument.
Note that you should not increment the index i=i+1 and j=j+1 at the end of the for loops: the for operator will simply redefine those values at the start of each iteration, so those lines serve absolutely no purpose. Get rid of them.
vec = MyInput()
out = Calculate(vec)
function y = Calculate(x)
y = zeros(1,6);
for j=2:6
y(1,j) = x(1,j)^j;
end
end
function x = MyInput()
x = zeros(1,6);
x(1,1) = 2;
for i=2:6
x(1,i)=x(1,i-1)+1;
end
end
