How about the following solution?
% Read data file
L = readlines('https://jp.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/uploaded_files/948584/Satellite_Data.txt');
% Extract data lines
L = regexp(L,'.+:\s*[+-\d\.E]+','match');
idx = cellfun(@isempty, L);
L(idx) = [];
L = string(L);
% Split each line by ':'
L = split(L,':');
% Extract data value and reshape
val = str2double(L(:,2));
val = reshape(val,13,[])';
% Extract valiable names
varNames = unique(L(:,1),'stable'); % [2022/4/3 update]
% Arrange as a table variable
T = array2table(val,'VariableNames',varNames);
% Show the result
disp(T)
    ID    Health    Eccentricity    Time of Applicability(s)    Orbital Inclination(rad)    Rate of Right Ascen(r/s)    SQRT(A)  (m 1/2)    Right Ascen at Week(rad)    Argument of Perigee(rad)    Mean Anom(rad)      Af0(s)        Af1(s/s)      week
    __    ______    ____________    ________________________    ________________________    ________________________    ________________    ________________________    ________________________    ______________    ___________    ___________    ____
     1       0         0.011557            5.0381e+05                    0.9873                    -7.566e-09                5153.6                  -2.4142                     0.88429              0.0019733        0.00040627     -7.276e-12    153 
     2       0         0.020595            5.0381e+05                   0.96561                   -7.7375e-09                5153.6                  -2.5041                     -1.4314                0.13692       -0.00065231              0    153 
     3       0        0.0039506            5.0381e+05                   0.97255                   -8.2289e-09                5153.6                  -1.3792                     0.94546                -1.1355       -0.00016975     -1.819e-11    153 
     4       0        0.0017419            5.0381e+05                   0.96155                   -7.8632e-09                5153.6                 -0.29763                     -3.0139                 1.7449       -0.00018311      3.638e-12    153 
     5       0         0.005877            5.0381e+05                   0.95955                   -8.3546e-09                5153.6                  -1.4201                      1.0074                 2.6606        -7.534e-05              0    153 
     6       0        0.0026941            5.0381e+05                   0.98667                   -7.6003e-09                5153.6                  -2.4224                    -0.91437                0.28653        0.00023556     1.4552e-11    153 
     7       0         0.015703            5.0381e+05                    0.9512                   -7.8975e-09                5153.6                  0.72055                     -2.2847               -0.67291        0.00031662              0    153 
     8       0        0.0074039            5.0381e+05                   0.96452                   -7.8632e-09                5153.7                   2.7892                     0.13281                 2.2272       -6.0081e-05              0    153 
     9       0        0.0021639            5.0381e+05                   0.95452                   -7.9775e-09                5153.6                 -0.35082                      1.8765                 2.6413       -0.00034904      3.638e-12    153 
    10       0        0.0075426            5.0381e+05                   0.97237                   -8.2175e-09                5153.6                   -1.382                     -2.4987                -2.0443       -0.00035095    -1.0914e-11    153 
    11      63       0.00027657            5.0381e+05                    0.9624                   -7.8518e-09                5153.7                  -2.3712                        2.77                    2.2       -5.9128e-05     1.0914e-11    153 
    12       0        0.0087357            5.0381e+05                   0.96959                   -8.2289e-09                5153.5                   1.8338                      1.2597                -1.3104       -0.00018692     -7.276e-12    153 
    13       0         0.005826            5.0381e+05                   0.96904                   -7.7146e-09                5153.6                 -0.19753                      0.9429                  1.714        0.00027943      7.276e-12    153 
    14       0        0.0015674            5.0381e+05                   0.95299                   -8.4118e-09                5153.6                   1.8019                      3.0283                -1.2548       -9.5367e-05     -3.638e-12    153 
    15       0         0.013964            5.0381e+05                   0.93031                   -8.2632e-09                5153.7                 -0.45767                      1.0801                  1.253        -7.534e-05      3.638e-12    153 
    16       0           0.0128            5.0381e+05                   0.96952                   -8.2403e-09                5153.6                   1.8524                      0.7182                 3.1167       -0.00048256     -3.638e-12    153 
    17       0         0.013502            5.0381e+05                   0.97972                   -7.6689e-09                5153.7                   2.8715                     -1.4932                 2.1492        0.00058937      3.638e-12    153 
    18       0        0.0021372            5.0381e+05                   0.97109                   -7.7603e-09                5153.6                  -2.4068                      3.0851                0.23987        0.00021648     -7.276e-12    153 
    19       0        0.0090508            5.0381e+05                   0.97853                   -7.6346e-09                5153.6                   2.9164                      2.0207                -1.7112        0.00013256      3.638e-12    153 
    20       0        0.0050387            5.0381e+05                    0.9418                   -8.5146e-09                5153.7                  -1.5347                     -3.1293                0.98205        0.00051594              0    153 
    21       0         0.024556            5.0381e+05                   0.95987                    -7.726e-09                5153.5                  -2.5059                     -0.9834                 2.3655        0.00015926              0    153 
    22       0         0.013092            5.0381e+05                   0.96172                   -7.7946e-09                5153.6                 -0.24931                     -1.8658                 2.0497        0.00022984      7.276e-12    153 
    23       0        0.0020094            5.0381e+05                   0.96742                   -8.2746e-09                5153.6                   -1.407                      2.9934               -0.74647       -7.6294e-06     -3.638e-12    153 
    24       0          0.01238            5.0381e+05                   0.93474                   -8.0232e-09                5153.6                  0.63729                     0.81078                0.29557        0.00026703     -3.638e-12    153 
    25       0         0.010566            5.0381e+05                   0.95704                   -8.3775e-09                5153.6                   1.7566                     0.99089                -1.5868        0.00030041      3.638e-12    153 
    26       0        0.0069246            5.0381e+05                   0.93789                   -8.5718e-09                5153.6                    1.709                     0.38277                -2.2427        0.00019169      3.638e-12    153 
    27       0         0.010418            5.0381e+05                   0.97324                   -7.7489e-09                5153.6                   2.8089                     0.65342                 2.2149        0.00015831     1.0914e-11    153 
    29       0        0.0019422            5.0381e+05                   0.98176                   -7.6575e-09                5153.7                   2.8846                      2.2323                 2.3571       -0.00049305     -3.638e-12    153 
    30       0        0.0056334            5.0381e+05                   0.93634                   -8.0803e-09                5153.5                   0.7332                     -2.7275               -0.61893       -0.00051975     -3.638e-12    153 
    31       0         0.010443            5.0381e+05                    0.9554                   -7.8975e-09                5153.7                  0.73876                      0.3815                -1.1273       -0.00016975              0    153 
    32       0        0.0057702            5.0381e+05                   0.95837                   -7.8975e-09                5153.5                 -0.33949                     -2.3183                 2.8448       -8.7738e-05     -7.276e-12    153 


