Divider

Model ideal frequency-independent dividers or combiners with S-parameters

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Libraries:
RF Blockset / Circuit Envelope / Junctions

Description

The Divider block models power dividers or combiners in a circuit envelope environment as an S-parameter model. In a power divider, the input power enters at a port, splits, and exits at different ports.

To use a power divider to model and simulate a 66 GHz QPSK RF transmit and receive system with a 32-element hybrid beamforming antenna, see the Transmit Subarrays section in the Modeling RF mmWave Transmitter with Hybrid Beamforming example.

Examples

Modeling RF mmWave Transmitter with Hybrid Beamforming

Model and simulate a 66 GHz QPSK RF transmit and receive system with a 32-element hybrid beamforming antenna.

• Open Script

Model Wilkinson Power Divider

Design 1:4 Wilkinson power divider.

• Open Script

Parameters

Select component — Divider type

T power divider (default) | Resistive power divider | Wilkinson power divider | Tee H-plane (S33=0) | Tee E-plane

Divider type, specified as:

• T power divider

  The S-parameter matrix for T-power divider is :

  $$\left[\begin{array}{ccc}{s}_{11}& s_{21}& s_{31}\\ s_{21}& s_{22}& s_{32}\\ s_{31}& s_{32}& s_{33}\end{array}\right]$$

  where:

  • s₁₁ = (z_{23 –}z₁) / (z₂₃ + z₁)

  • s₂₂ = (z_{13 –}z₂) / (z₁₃ + z₂)

  • s₃₃ = (z_{12 –}z₃) / (z₁₂ + z₃)

  • s₂₁ = (1+ s₁₁) * sqrt(z₁ / z₂)

  • s₃₁ = (1+ s₁₁) * sqrt(z₁ / z₃)

  • s₃₂ = (1+ s₂₂) * sqrt(z₂ / z₃)

  • z₁₂ = z₁ * z₂ / (z₁ + z₂)

  • z₁₃ = z₁ * z₃ / (z₁ + z₃)

  • z₂₃ = z₂ * z₃ / (z₂ + z₃)

  • z₁ = Z0(1), z₂ = Z0(2), z₃ = Z0(3)

  • Reference Impedances: Z0 = [z₁, z₂, z₃ ]

• Resistive power divider

  The S-parameter matrix for Resistive power divider is :

  $$\left[\begin{array}{ccc}0& 1/2& 1/2\\ 1/2& 0& 1/2\\ 1/2& 1/2& 0\end{array}\right]$$

  When you select this option, the following parameter is available:

• Wilkinson power divider

  The S-parameter matrix for Wilkinson power divider is:

  $$\left[\begin{array}{ccc}0& -j/\sqrt{2}& -j/\sqrt{2}\\ -j/\sqrt{2}& 0& 0\\ -j/\sqrt{2}& 0& 0\end{array}\right]$$

  Note

  • For DC carrier (0 Hz) frequency, Wilkinson power divider is a zero matrix.

  • Starting R2021a, port positions in the Divider block when you select the Wilkinson power divider component have changed. For more information, see Version History.

• Tee H-plane (S33=0)

  The Tee H-plane (S33=0) is symmetrical, lossless, and reciprocal. The S-parameter matrix is:

  $$\frac{\left(\begin{array}{ccc}-1& 1& \sqrt{2}\\ 1& -1& \sqrt{2}\\ \sqrt{2}& \sqrt{2}& 0\end{array}\right)}{2}$$

• Tee E-plane

  The Tee E-plane is symmetrical, lossless, and reciprocal. The S-parameter matrix is:

  $$\frac{\left(\begin{array}{ccc}1& 1& \sqrt{2}\\ 1& 1& -\sqrt{2}\\ \sqrt{2}& -\sqrt{2}& 0\end{array}\right)}{2}$$

Number of divider outports — Number of Wilkinson power divider outports

2 (default) | nonnegative integer in the range (1, 65]

Number of Wilkinson power divider outports, specified as a nonnegative integer in the range (1, 65].

Dependencies

To enable this parameter, set Select Component to Wilkinson power divider.

Reference impedances (Ohm) — Reference impedance of divider

50 (default) | positive scalar | three-tuple vector

Reference impedance of divider, specified as a positive scalar or three-tuple vector.

Note

When the reference impedances of all the ports are not equal, the model inside the Divider block is normalized to 50 ohms.

Ground and hide negative terminals — Ground RF circuit terminals

on (default) | off

Select this parameter to ground and hide the negative terminals. To expose the negative terminals, clear the parameter. By exposing these terminals, you can connect them to other parts of your model.

By default, this option is selected.

Version History

Introduced in R2014a

R2022b: Model Wilkinson power divider with up to 65 ports

Use the Divider block to model a Wilkinson power divider with more than two and up to 65 outports. Use the Number of divider outports to set the number of outports.

R2021a: Port positions of Wilkinson power divider component in Divider block changed

The port positions in the Divider block when you select the Wilkinson power divider component have changed. Prior to this release, Ports 1 and 3 were on the same side opposite that of Port 2. This release, Ports 2 and 3 appear on one side together opposite the side of Port 1.

Existing models using the Divider block with the Wilkinson power divider component might need to be updated to ensure that there are no broken connections. Use the RF Blockset check in the Simulink^® Upgrade Advisor to identify and rewire the broken port connections in your existing models. For more information, see Check model for RF Blockset Divider blocks using Wilkinson power divider component with broken connections.