goodnessOfFit
Goodness of fit between test and reference data for analysis and validation of identified models
Description
goodnessOfFit
returns fit values that represent the error
norm between test and reference data sets. If you want to compare and visualize simulated
model output with measurement data, see also compare
.
returns the goodness of fit between the test data fit
= goodnessOfFit(x
,xref
,cost_func
)x
and the reference
data xref
using the cost function cost_func
.
fit
is a quantitative representation of the closeness of
x
to xref
. To perform multiple test-to-reference
fit comparisons, you can specify x
and xref
as
cell arrays of equal size that contain multiple test and reference data sets. With cell
array inputs, fit
returns an array of fit values.
Examples
Calculate Goodness of Fit Between Estimated and Measured Data
Find the goodness of fit between measured output data and the simulated output of an estimated model.
Obtain the measured output.
load iddata1 z1 yref = z1.y;
z1
is an iddata
object containing measured input-output data. z1.y
is the measured output.
Estimate a second-order transfer function model and simulate the model output y_est
.
sys = tfest(z1,2); y_est = sim(sys,z1(:,[],:));
Calculate the goodness of fit, or error norm, between the measured and estimated outputs. Specify the normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE) as the cost function.
cost_func = 'NRMSE';
y = y_est.y;
fit = goodnessOfFit(y,yref,cost_func)
fit = 0.2943
Alternatively, you can use compare
to calculate the fit. compare
uses the NRMSE cost function, and expresses the fit percentage using the one's complement of the error norm. The fit relationship between compare
and goodnessOfFit
is therefore . A compare
result of 100% is equivalent to a goodnessOfFit
result of 0.
Specify an initial condition of zero to match the initial condition that goodnessOfFit
assumes.
opt = compareOptions('InitialCondition','z'); compare(z1,sys,opt);
The fit results are equivalent.
Goodness of Fit for Multiple Data Sets
Find the goodness of fit between measured and estimated outputs for two models.
Obtain the input-output measurements z2
from iddata2
. Copy the measured output into reference output yref
.
load iddata2 z2 yref = z2.y;
Estimate second-order and fourth-order transfer function models using z2
.
sys2 = tfest(z2,2); sys4 = tfest(z2,4);
Simulate both systems to get estimated outputs.
y_sim2 = sim(sys2,z2(:,[],:)); y2 = y_sim2.y; y_sim4 = sim(sys4,z2(:,[],:)); y4 = y_sim4.y;
Create cell arrays from the reference and estimated outputs. The reference data set is the same for both model comparisons, so create identical reference cells.
yrefc = {yref yref}; yc = {y2 y4};
Compute fit
values for the three cost functions.
fit_nrmse = goodnessOfFit(yc,yrefc,'NRMSE')
fit_nrmse = 1×2
0.1429 0.1345
fit_nmse = goodnessOfFit(yc,yrefc,'NMSE')
fit_nmse = 1×2
0.0204 0.0181
fit_mse = goodnessOfFit(yc,yrefc,'MSE')
fit_mse = 1×2
1.0811 0.9586
A fit value of 0 indicates a perfect fit between reference and estimated outputs. The fit value rises as fit goodness decreases. For all three cost functions, the fourth-order model produces a better fit than the second-order model.
Input Arguments
x
— Data to test
matrix (default) | cell array
Data to test, specified as a matrix or cell array.
For a single test data set, specify an Ns-by-N matrix, where Ns is the number of samples and N is the number of channels. You must specify
cost_fun
as'NRMSE'
or'NMSE'
to use multiple-channel data.For multiple test data sets, specify a cell array of length Nd, where Nd is the number of test-to-reference pairs and each cell contains one data matrix.
x
must not contain any NaN
or
Inf
values.
xref
— Reference data
matrix (default) | cell array
Reference data with which to compare x
, specified as a matrix
or cell array.
For a single reference data set, specify an Ns-by-N matrix, where Ns is the number of samples and N is the number of channels.
xref
must be the same size asx
. You must specifycost_fun
as'NRMSE'
or'NMSE'
to use multiple-channel data.For multiple reference data sets, specify a cell array of length Nd, where Nd is the number of test-to-reference pairs and each cell contains one reference data matrix. As with the individual data matrices, the cell array sizes for
x
andxref
must match. Each ith element offit
corresponds to the pairs of the ith cells ofx
andxref
.
xref
must not contain any NaN
or
Inf
values.
cost_func
— Cost function
'MSE'
| 'NRMSE'
| 'NMSE'
Cost function to determine goodness of fit, specified as one of the following values. In the equations, the value fit applies to a single pairing of test and reference data sets.
Value | Description | Equation | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
'MSE' | Mean squared error |
where Ns is the number of samples and ‖ indicates the 2-norm of a vector. | fit is a scalar. |
'NRMSE' | Normalized root mean squared error |
where ‖ indicates the 2-norm of a vector.
| fit is a row vector. |
'NMSE' | Normalized mean squared error |
| fit is a row vector. |
Output Arguments
fit
— Goodness of fit
scalar | row vector | cell array
Goodness of fit between test and reference data set pairs, returned as a scalar, a row vector, or a cell array.
For a single test and reference data set pair,
fit
is returned as a scalar or row vector.If
cost_fun
is'MSE'
, thenfit
is a scalar.If
cost_fun
is'NRMSE'
or'NMSE'
, thenfit
is a column vector of length N, where N is the number of channels.
For multiple test and reference data set pairs, where
x
andxref
are cell arrays of length ND,fit
is returned as a vector or a matrix.If
cost_fun
is'MSE'
, thenfit
is a row vector of length ND.If
cost_fun
is'NRMSE'
or'NMSE'
, thenfit
is a matrix of size N-by- Nd, where N is the number of channels (data columns) and Nd represents the number of test pairs.
Each element of
fit
contains the goodness of fit values for the corresponding test data and reference pair.
Possible values for individual fit elements depend on the selection of
cost_func
.
If
cost_func
is'MSE'
, eachfit
value is a positive scalar that grows with the error between test and reference data. Afit
value of0
indicates a perfect match between test and reference data.If
cost_func
is'NRMSE'
or'NMSE'
,fit
values vary between -Inf
and 1.0
— Perfect fit to reference data (zero error)-
Inf
— Bad fit1
—x
is no better than a straight line at matchingxref
Version History
Introduced in R2012aR2020a: goodnessOfFit
: Fit result represents the error norm for all three cost functions, with a value of zero indicating a perfect fit
goodnessOfFit
now returns the error norm E as
the fit value for all three cost functions (MSE, NRMSE, and NMSE). Previously,
goodnessOfFit
returned the one's complement of the error norm,
1-E, for fit values that used the NRMSE or NMSE cost functions. This
change allows consistent fit-value interpretation across the three cost functions, with the
ideal fit value of zero representing a perfect fit.
Previously computed NRMSE and NMSE fit values are the one's complements of the fit
values computed with the current software. Similarly, the NRMSE fit value is now the one's
complement of the fit used in the percentage value that compare
computes. For example, if the previous
goodnessOfFit
fit value was 0.8, the current fit value is 0.2. A
goodnessOfFit
fit value of 0.2 is equivalent to a
compare
fit percentage of 80%.
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