swaptionbyblk

Price European swaption instrument using Black model

Syntax

Price = swaptionbyblk(RateSpec,OptSpec,Strike,Settle,ExerciseDates,Maturity,Volatility)

Price = swaptionbyblk(___,Name,Value)

Description

Price = swaptionbyblk(RateSpec,OptSpec,Strike,Settle,ExerciseDates,Maturity,Volatility) prices swaptions using the Black option pricing model.

Note

Alternatively, you can use the Swaption object to price swaption instruments. For more information, see Get Started with Workflows Using Object-Based Framework for Pricing Financial Instruments.

Price = swaptionbyblk(___,Name,Value) adds optional name-value pair arguments.

Examples

Price a European Swaption Using the Black Model Where the Yield Curve is Flat at 6%

Price a European swaption that gives the holder the right to enter in five years into a three-year paying swap where a fixed-rate of 6.2% is paid and floating is received. Assume that the yield curve is flat at 6% per annum with continuous compounding, the volatility of the swap rate is 20%, the principal is $100, and payments are exchanged semiannually.

Create the RateSpec.

Rate = 0.06;
Compounding  = -1;
ValuationDate = datetime(2010,1,1);
EndDates =   datetime(2020,1,1); 
Basis = 1; 

RateSpec = intenvset('ValuationDate', ValuationDate,'StartDates', ValuationDate, ...
'EndDates', EndDates, 'Rates', Rate, 'Compounding', Compounding, 'Basis', Basis);

Price the swaption using the Black model.

Settle = datetime(2011,1,1);
ExerciseDates = datetime(2016,1,1);
Maturity = datetime(2019,1,1); 
Reset = 2; 
Principal = 100;
Strike = 0.062;
Volatility = 0.2;
OptSpec = 'call';

Price= swaptionbyblk(RateSpec, OptSpec, Strike, Settle, ExerciseDates, Maturity, ...
Volatility, 'Reset', Reset, 'Principal', Principal, 'Basis', Basis)

Price = 
2.0710

Price a European Swaption with Receiving and Paying Legs Using the Black Model Where the Yield Curve is 6%

This example shows Price a European swaption with receiving and paying legs that gives the holder the right to enter in five years into a three-year paying swap where a fixed-rate of 6.2% is paid and floating is received. Assume that the yield curve is flat at 6% per annum with continuous compounding, the volatility of the swap rate is 20%, the principal is $100, and payments are exchanged semiannually.

Rate = 0.06;
Compounding  = -1;
ValuationDate = datetime(2010,1,1);
EndDates =   datetime(2020,1,1); 
Basis = 1;

Define the RateSpec.

RateSpec = intenvset('ValuationDate',ValuationDate,'StartDates',ValuationDate, ...
'EndDates',EndDates,'Rates',Rate,'Compounding',Compounding,'Basis',Basis);

Define the swaption arguments.

Settle = datetime(2011,1,1);
ExerciseDates = datetime(2016,1,1);
Maturity = datetime(2019,1,1); 
Reset = [2 4]; % 1st column represents receiving leg, 2nd column represents paying leg
Principal = 100;
Strike = 0.062;
Volatility = 0.2;
OptSpec = 'call';
Basis = [1 3]; % 1st column represents receiving leg, 2nd column represents paying leg

Price the swaption.

Price= swaptionbyblk(RateSpec,OptSpec,Strike,Settle,ExerciseDates,Maturity,Volatility, ...
'Reset',Reset,'Principal',Principal,'Basis',Basis)

Price = 
1.6494

Price a European Swaption Using the Black Model Where the Yield Curve Is Incrementally Increasing

Price a European swaption that gives the holder the right to enter into a 5-year receiving swap in a year, where a fixed rate of 3% is received and floating is paid. Assume that the 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, 4-year and 5- year zero rates are 3%, 3.4%, 3.7%, 3.9% and 4% with continuous compounding. The swap rate volatility is 21%, the principal is $1000, and payments are exchanged semiannually.

Create the RateSpec.

ValuationDate = datetime(2010,1,1);
EndDates = [datetime(2011,1,1) ; datetime(2012,1,1) ; datetime(2013,1,1) ; datetime(2014,1,1) ; datetime(2015,1,1)];
Rates = [0.03; 0.034 ; 0.037; 0.039; 0.04;];
Compounding = -1;
Basis = 1; 

RateSpec = intenvset('ValuationDate', ValuationDate, 'StartDates', ValuationDate, ...
'EndDates', EndDates, 'Rates', Rates, 'Compounding', Compounding,'Basis', Basis)

RateSpec = struct with fields:
           FinObj: 'RateSpec'
      Compounding: -1
             Disc: [5×1 double]
            Rates: [5×1 double]
         EndTimes: [5×1 double]
       StartTimes: [5×1 double]
         EndDates: [5×1 double]
       StartDates: 734139
    ValuationDate: 734139
            Basis: 1
     EndMonthRule: 1

Price the swaption using the Black model.

Settle = datetime(2011,1,1);
ExerciseDates = datetime(2012,1,1); 
Maturity = datetime(2017,1,1);
Strike = 0.03;
Volatility = 0.21;
Principal =1000;
Reset = 2; 
OptSpec = 'put';

Price = swaptionbyblk(RateSpec, OptSpec, Strike, Settle,  ExerciseDates, ...
Maturity, Volatility,'Basis', Basis, 'Reset', Reset,'Principal', Principal)

Price = 
0.5771

Price a Swaption Using a Different Curve to Generate the Future Forward Rates

Define the OIS and Libor curves.

Settle = datetime(2013,3,15);
CurveDates = daysadd(Settle,360*[1/12 2/12 3/12 6/12 1 2 3 4 5 7 10],1);
OISRates = [.0018 .0019 .0021 .0023 .0031 .006  .011 .017 .021 .026 .03]';
LiborRates = [.0045 .0047 .005 .0055 .0075 .0109  .0162 .0216 .0262 .0309 .0348]';

Create an associated RateSpec for the OIS and Libor curves.

OISCurve = intenvset('Rates',OISRates,'StartDate',Settle,'EndDates',CurveDates,'Compounding',2,'Basis',1);
LiborCurve = intenvset('Rates',LiborRates,'StartDate',Settle,'EndDates',CurveDates,'Compounding',2,'Basis',1);

Define the swaption instruments.

ExerciseDate = datetime(2018,3,15);
Maturity = [datetime(2020,3,15) ; datetime(2023,3,15)];
OptSpec = 'call';
Strike = 0.04;
BlackVol = 0.2;

Price the swaption instruments using the term structure OISCurve both for discounting the cash flows and generating the future forward rates.

Price = swaptionbyblk(OISCurve, OptSpec, Strike, Settle, ExerciseDate, Maturity, BlackVol,'Reset',1)

Price = 2×1

    1.0956
    2.6944

Price the swaption instruments using the term structure LiborCurve to generate the future forward rates. The term structure OISCurve is used for discounting the cash flows.

PriceLC = swaptionbyblk(OISCurve, OptSpec, Strike, Settle, ExerciseDate, Maturity, BlackVol,'ProjectionCurve',LiborCurve,'Reset',1)

PriceLC = 2×1

    1.5346
    3.8142

Price a Swaption Using the Shifted Black Model

Create the RateSpec.

ValuationDate = datetime(2016,1,1);
EndDates = [datetime(2017,1,1) ; datetime(2018,1,1) ; datetime(2019,1,1) ; datetime(2020,1,1) ; datetime(2021,1,1)];
Rates = [-0.02; 0.024 ; 0.047; 0.090; 0.12;]/100;
Compounding = 1;
Basis = 1;

RateSpec = intenvset('ValuationDate',ValuationDate,'StartDates',ValuationDate, ...
'EndDates',EndDates,'Rates',Rates,'Compounding',Compounding,'Basis',Basis)

RateSpec = struct with fields:
           FinObj: 'RateSpec'
      Compounding: 1
             Disc: [5×1 double]
            Rates: [5×1 double]
         EndTimes: [5×1 double]
       StartTimes: [5×1 double]
         EndDates: [5×1 double]
       StartDates: 736330
    ValuationDate: 736330
            Basis: 1
     EndMonthRule: 1

Price the swaption with a negative strike using the Shifted Black model.

Settle = datetime(2016,1,1);
ExerciseDates = datetime(2017,1,1);
Maturity = 'Jan-1-2020';
Strike = -0.003; % Set -0.3 percent strike.
ShiftedBlackVolatility = 0.31;
Principal = 1000;
Reset = 1;
OptSpec = 'call';
Shift = 0.008; % Set 0.8 percent shift.

Price = swaptionbyblk(RateSpec,OptSpec,Strike,Settle,ExerciseDates, ...
Maturity,ShiftedBlackVolatility,'Basis',Basis,'Reset',Reset,...
'Principal',Principal,'Shift',Shift)

Price = 
12.8301

Price Swaptions Using the Shifted Black Model with a Vector of Shifts

Create the RateSpec.

ValuationDate = datetime(2016,1,1);
EndDates = [datetime(2017,1,1) ; datetime(2018,1,1) ; datetime(2019,1,1) ; datetime(2020,1,1) ; datetime(2021,1,1)];
Rates = [-0.02; 0.024 ; 0.047; 0.090; 0.12;]/100;
Compounding = 1;
Basis = 1;

RateSpec = intenvset('ValuationDate',ValuationDate,'StartDates',ValuationDate, ...
'EndDates',EndDates,'Rates',Rates,'Compounding',Compounding,'Basis',Basis)

RateSpec = struct with fields:
           FinObj: 'RateSpec'
      Compounding: 1
             Disc: [5×1 double]
            Rates: [5×1 double]
         EndTimes: [5×1 double]
       StartTimes: [5×1 double]
         EndDates: [5×1 double]
       StartDates: 736330
    ValuationDate: 736330
            Basis: 1
     EndMonthRule: 1

Price the swaptions with using the Shifted Black model.

Settle = datetime(2016,1,1);
ExerciseDates = datetime(2017,1,1);
Maturities = [datetime(2018,1,1) ; datetime(2019,1,1) ; datetime(2020,1,1)];
Strikes = [-0.0034;-0.0032;-0.003];
ShiftedBlackVolatilities = [0.33;0.32;0.31]; % A vector of volatilities.
Principal = 1000;
Reset = 1;
OptSpec = 'call';
Shifts = [0.0085;0.0082;0.008]; % A vector of shifts.

Prices = swaptionbyblk(RateSpec,OptSpec,Strikes,Settle,ExerciseDates, ...
Maturities,ShiftedBlackVolatilities,'Basis',Basis,'Reset',Reset, ...
'Principal',Principal,'Shift',Shifts)

Prices = 3×1

    4.1117
    8.0577
   12.8301

Input Arguments

RateSpec — Interest-rate term structure

structure

Interest-rate term structure (annualized and continuously compounded), specified by the RateSpec obtained from intenvset. For information on the interest-rate specification, see intenvset.

If the paying leg is different than the receiving leg, the RateSpec can be a NINST-by-2 input variable of RateSpecs, with the second input being the discount curve for the paying leg. If only one curve is specified, then it is used to discount both legs.

Data Types: struct

OptSpec — Definition of option

character vector with values 'call' or 'put' | cell array of character vector with values 'call' or 'put'

Definition of the option as 'call' or 'put', specified as a NINST-by-1 cell array of character vectors.

A 'call' swaption, or Payer swaption, allows the option buyer to enter into an interest-rate swap in which the buyer of the option pays the fixed rate and receives the floating rate.

A 'put' swaption, or Receiver swaption, allows the option buyer to enter into an interest-rate swap in which the buyer of the option receives the fixed rate and pays the floating rate.

Data Types: char | cell

Strike — Strike swap rate values

decimal

Strike swap rate values, specified as a NINST-by-1 vector of decimal values.

Data Types: double

Settle — Settlement date

datetime array | string array | date character vector

Settlement date (representing the settle date for each swaption), specified as a NINST-by-1 vector using a datetime array, string array, or date character vectors. Settle must not be later than ExerciseDates.

To support existing code, swaptionbyblk also accepts serial date numbers as inputs, but they are not recommended.

The Settle date input for swaptionbyblk is the valuation date on which the swaption (an option to enter into a swap) is priced. The swaption buyer pays this price on this date to hold the swaption.

ExerciseDates — Dates on which swaption expires and underlying swap starts

datetime array | string array | date character vector

Dates, specified as a vector using a datetime array, string array, or date character vectors on which the swaption expires and the underlying swap starts. The swaption holder can choose to enter into the swap on this date if the situation is favorable.

To support existing code, swaptionbyblk also accepts serial date numbers as inputs, but they are not recommended.

For a European option, ExerciseDates are a NINST-by-1 vector of exercise dates. Each row is the schedule for one option. When using a European option, there is only one ExerciseDate on the option expiry date.

Maturity — Maturity date for each forward swap

datetime array | string array | date character vector

Maturity date for each forward swap, specified as a NINST-by-1 vector using a datetime array, string array, or date character vectors.

To support existing code, swaptionbyblk also accepts serial date numbers as inputs, but they are not recommended.

Volatility — Annual volatilities values

numeric

Annual volatilities values, specified as a NINST-by-1 vector of numeric values.

Data Types: double

Name-Value Arguments

Specify optional pairs of arguments as Name1=Value1,...,NameN=ValueN, where Name is the argument name and Value is the corresponding value. Name-value arguments must appear after other arguments, but the order of the pairs does not matter.

Before R2021a, use commas to separate each name and value, and enclose Name in quotes.

Example: Price = swaptionbyblk(OISCurve,OptSpec,Strike,Settle,ExerciseDate,Maturity,BlackVol,'Reset',1,'Shift',.5)

Basis — Day-count basis of instrument

0 (actual/actual) (default) | integer from 0 to 13

Day-count basis of the instrument, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'Basis' and a NINST-by-1 vector or NINST-by-2 matrix representing the basis for each leg. If Basis is NINST-by-2, the first column represents the receiving leg, while the second column represents the paying leg. Default is 0 (actual/actual).

• 0 = actual/actual

• 1 = 30/360 (SIA)

• 2 = actual/360

• 3 = actual/365

• 4 = 30/360 (PSA)

• 5 = 30/360 (ISDA)

• 6 = 30/360 (European)

• 7 = actual/365 (Japanese)

• 8 = actual/actual (ICMA)

• 9 = actual/360 (ICMA)

• 10 = actual/365 (ICMA)

• 11 = 30/360E (ICMA)

• 12 = actual/365 (ISDA)

• 13 = BUS/252

For more information, see Basis.

Data Types: double

Principal — Notional principal amount

100 (default) | numeric

Notional principal amount, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'Principal' and a NINST-by-1 vector.

Data Types: double

Reset — Reset frequency per year for underlying forward swap

1 (default) | numeric

Reset frequency per year for the underlying forward swap, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'Reset' and a NINST-by-1 vector or NINST-by-2 matrix representing the reset frequency per year for each leg. If Reset is NINST-by-2, the first column represents the receiving leg, while the second column represents the paying leg.

Data Types: double

ProjectionCurve — Rate curve used in generating future forward rates

if ProjectionCurve is not specified, then RateSpec is used both for discounting cash flows and projecting future forward rates (default) | structure

The rate curve to be used in generating the future forward rates, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'ProjectionCurve' and a structure created using intenvset. Use this optional input if the forward curve is different from the discount curve.

Data Types: struct

Shift — Shift in decimals for shifted Black model

0 (no shift) (default) | positive decimal

Shift in decimals for the shifted Black model, specified as the comma-separated pair consisting of 'Shift' and a scalar or NINST-by-1 vector of rate shifts in positive decimals. Set this parameter to a positive rate shift in decimals to add a positive shift to the forward swap rate and strike, which effectively sets a negative lower bound for the forward swap rate and strike. For example, a Shift of 0.01 is equal to a 1% shift.

Data Types: double

Output Arguments

Price — Prices for swaptions at time 0

vector

Prices for the swaptions at time 0, returned as a NINST-by-1 vector of prices.

More About

Swaption

A swaption (swap option) is a financial derivative that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to enter into an interest-rate swap agreement at a specified future date and under predetermined terms.

Swaptions are used by investors and institutions to hedge against interest rate fluctuations or to speculate on future changes in interest rates.

Call Swaption

A call swaption or payer swaption allows the option buyer to enter into an interest-rate swap in which the buyer of the option pays the fixed rate and receives the floating rate.

Put Swaption

A put swaption or receiver swaption allows the option buyer to enter into an interest-rate swap in which the buyer of the option receives the fixed rate and pays the floating rate.

Shifted Black

The Shifted Black model is essentially the same as the Black’s model, except that it models the movements of (F + Shift) as the underlying asset, instead of F (which is the forward swap rate in the case of swaptions).

This model allows negative rates, with a fixed negative lower bound defined by the amount of shift; that is, the zero lower bound of Black’s model has been shifted.

Algorithms

Black Model

$$\begin{array}{l}dF={\sigma }_{Black}Fdw\\ call=e^{-\gamma T}\left[FN(d_1)-KN(d_2)\right]\\ put=e^{-\gamma T}\left[KN(-d_2)-FN(-d_1)\right]\\ d_1=\frac{\ln \left(\frac{F}{K}\right)+\left(\frac{{\sigma }_B{}^2}{2}\right)T}{{\sigma }_B\sqrt{T}},d_2=d_1-{\sigma }_B\sqrt{T}\\ {\sigma }_B={\sigma }_{Black}\end{array}$$

Where F is the forward value and K is the strike.

Shifted Black Model

$$\begin{array}{l}dF={\sigma }_{Shifted\_Black}\left(F+Shift\right)dw\\ call=e^{-\gamma T}\left[\left(F+Shift\right)N(d_{s1})-\left(K+Shift\right)N(d_{s2})\right]\\ put=e^{-\gamma T}\left[\left(K+Shift\right)N(-d_{s2})-\left(F+Shift\right)N(-d_{s1})\right]\\ d_{s1}=\frac{\ln \left(\frac{F+Shift}{K+Shift}\right)+\left(\frac{{\sigma }_{sB}{}^2}{2}\right)T}{{\sigma }_{sB}\sqrt{T}},d_{s2}=d_{s1}-{\sigma }_{sB}\sqrt{T}\\ {\sigma }_{sB}={\sigma }_{Shifted\_Black}\end{array}$$

Where F+Shift is the forward value and K+Shift is the strike for the shifted version.

Version History

Introduced before R2006a

R2022b: Serial date numbers not recommended

Although swaptionbyblk supports serial date numbers, datetime values are recommended instead. The datetime data type provides flexible date and time formats, storage out to nanosecond precision, and properties to account for time zones and daylight saving time.

To convert serial date numbers or text to datetime values, use the datetime function. For example:

t = datetime(738427.656845093,"ConvertFrom","datenum");
y = year(t)

y =

        2021

There are no plans to remove support for serial date number inputs.