new-hard-functions-for-global-optimization

Unimodal, multimodal, and noise test functions

we present some new unimodal, multimodal, and noise test functions to assess the performance of global optimization algorithms. All the test functions are multidimensional problems. The 2-dimension landscape of the proposed functions has been graphically presented in 3D space to show their geometry, however these functions are more complicated in dimensions greater than 3. To show the hardness of these functions, we have made an experimental study with some powerful algorithms such as CEC competition winners: LSHADE, MadDe, and LSHADE-SPACMA algorithms