3-Way Directional Valve (TL)
3-position directional valve in a thermal liquid network
Libraries:
Simscape /
Fluids /
Thermal Liquid /
Valves & Orifices /
Directional Control Valves
Description
The 3-Way Directional Valve (TL) block represents a valve with three openings in a thermal liquid network, typically between an actuator, pump, and tank. The valve operation is controlled by a single spool displaced according to the signal at port S. You can set the baseline configuration of your valve by specifying the orifices that are open when the spool moves in the positive direction and negative directions in the Positive spool position open connections and Negative spool position open connections parameters, respectively.
You can set the model for valve opening in the Orifice parameterization parameter as a linear relationship or function of user-provided data, which can be applied to one or all flow paths in the valve.
In this configuration, Positive spool position open connections
is set to A-T only
. When the signal at port
S moves the spool to a positive position, the path between
ports A and T is open to flow. The paths
between ports P and A and between ports
P and T are closed:
In this configuration, Negative spool position open connections
is set to P-A only
. When the signal at port
S moves the spool to a negative position, the path between
ports P and A is open to flow and the paths
between ports T and A and between ports
P and T are closed:
You can open the path between ports P and T
by setting either Positive spool position open connections or
Negative spool position open connections to P-T
only
or P-A, A-T, and P-T
.
A flow path can be open in either the positive or negative spool positions, but not both.
Valve Orifice Parameterizations
The Orifice parameterization sets the method for calculating
the valve open area. The calculations are based either on the orifice parameters or
tabulated data sets specified in the Model Parameterization
tab. The block uses the same data for all flow paths if Area
characteristics is set to Identical for all flow
paths
; otherwise, individual values are applied in the
Different for all flow paths
setting. The orifice
parameterizations are:
Linear - area vs. spool travel
The opening area is a linear function of the spool travel distance and the signal received at port S:
where:
Amax is the Maximum orifice area.
Aleak is the Leakage area.
ΔSmax is the Spool travel between closed and open orifice.
ΔS is the spool travel distance. For flow paths that are open in the positive position:
and for flow paths that are open in the negative position:
where Sorifice_max is the Spool position at maximum orifice area.
When the valve is in a near-open or near-closed position in the linear parameterization, you can maintain numerical robustness in your simulation by adjusting the Smoothing factor parameter. If the Smoothing factor parameter is nonzero, the block smoothly saturates the opening area between Aleak and Amax. For more information, see Numerical Smoothing.
Tabulated data - Area vs. spool travel
Provide spool travel vectors for your system or for individual flow paths between ports P and A, A and T, and P and T. This data will be used to calculate the relationship between the orifice opening area and spool travel distance. Interpolation is used to determine the opening area between given data points. Aleak and Amax are the first and last parameters of the Opening area vector, respectively.
Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop
Provide spool travel and pressure drop vectors. The volumetric flow rate is calculated based on the relationship between pressure change and the spool travel distance. Interpolation is used to determine flow rate between given data points. The mass flow rate is the product of the volumetric flow rate and the local density.
When you set Orifice parameterization to
Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop
the block calculates the mass flow rate directly from the control member position and the pressure drop across the valve. The relationship between the three variables can be nonlinear and it is given by the tabulated data in the Spool travel vector, ds, Pressure drop vector, dp, and Mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) parameters.
Visualize Orifice Openings
To visualize spool offsets and displacement, right-click the block and select Fluids > Plot Valve Characteristics. The plot shows the orifices selected in the Valve Configuration settings. The parameterization selection sets the axes, which are either:
Orifice area versus spool position
Volumetric flow rate versus spool position, queried at a specific pressure differential
Mass flow rate versus spool position for the reference inflow temperature and reference inflow pressure, queried at a specific pressure differential
To update the data after changing the block parameters, click Reload Data on the figure window.
This image shows an example valve configuration. In the Valve Configuration settings:
Positive spool position open connections is
P-A only
.Negative spool position open connections is
A-T only
.
All other spool positions are at the default values.
Assumptions
Fluid inertia is ignored.
Spool loading due to inertial, spring, and other forces is ignored.
All valve orifices are assumed to be identical in size unless otherwise specified.
Examples
Ports
Input
S — Control member displacement
physical signal
Displacement of the valve control member, in m. This is equivalent to the spool position.
Conserving
P — Flow passage
thermal liquid
Opening through which the flow can enter or exit the valve. This port is typically connected to a fluid supply line.
T — Flow passage
thermal liquid
Opening through which the flow can enter or exit the valve. This port is typically connected to a fluid return line.
A — Flow passage
thermal liquid
Opening through which the flow can enter or exit the valve. This port is typically connected to an actuation line.
Parameters
Model Parameterization
Positive spool position open connections — Flow paths open when the spool is in a positive position
P-A only
(default) | All closed
| P-A, A-T, and P-T
| P-T only
| A-T only
Flow paths open when the spool is in a positive position. This parameter sets the valve configuration and defines the direction of spool movement according to the signal received at port S.
Negative spool position open connections — Flow paths open when the spool moves in the negative direction
A-T only
(default) | All closed
| P-A, A-T, and P-T
| P-A only
| P-T only
Flow paths open when the spool moves in the negative direction. This parameter sets the valve configuration and defines the direction of spool movement according to the signal received at port S.
Area characteristics — Flow equations for orifices
Identical for all flow
paths
(default) | Different for each flow path
Applies uniform or individual flow equations for the valve orifice
area. Identical for all flow paths
uses the
same orifice and spool geometries, flow rates, pressure, and area
vectors for all valve orifices. When using Different for
each flow path
, the spool offsets and tabulated data
are assigned to the orifices between ports P and
A, ports A and
T, and ports P and
T. In both cases, ports A,
P, and T have the same
cross-sectional areas, discharge coefficients, and Reynolds numbers. The
same Orifice parameterization is also applied to
all flow paths.
Orifice parameterization — Method of calculating opening area
Linear area vs. spool
travel
(default) | Tabulated data - Area vs. spool
travel
| Tabulated data - Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel
and pressure drop
Tabulated data - Mass
flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure drop
Method of calculating the valve opening area. In the tabulated data parameterizations, you can provide your own valve area and spool travel data for nonlinear valve opening profiles, or you can provide data in terms of volumetric flow rate, spool travel, and pressure drop over the flow path. The thermal liquid domain allows you to parameterize the orifice using tabulated mass flow rate data.
Spool travel between closed and open orifice — Maximum spool stroke
5e-3 m
(default) | positive scalar
Maximum distance of spool travel. This value provides an upper limit to calculations so that simulations do not return unphysical values.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Identical for all
flow paths
.
Maximum orifice area — Maximum orifice opening area
1e-4 m^2
(default) | positive scalar
Largest open area during operation of valve.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Identical for all
flow paths
.
Spool travel vector — Vector of valve opening distance
[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005]
m (default) | 1-byn vector
Vector of control member travel distances for the tabular parameterization of valve area. The vector elements must correspond one-to-one with the elements in the Orifice area vector parameter. The values are listed in ascending order and the first element must be 0. Linear interpolation is employed between table data points.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Identical for all
flow paths
and Orifice
parameterization to Tabulated data -
Area vs. spool travel
.
Orifice area vector — Vector of valve opening areas
[1e-10, 1e-05, 4e-05, 8e-05,
.0001]
m^2 (default) | 1-byn vector
Vector of opening areas for the tabular parameterization of valve opening area. The vector elements must correspond one-to-one with the elements in the Spool travel vector parameter. The elements are listed in ascending order and must be greater than 0.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Identical for all
flow paths
and Opening
parameterization to Tabulated data -
Area vs. spool travel
.
Leakage area — Gap area when in fully closed position
1e-10 m^2
(default) | positive scalar
Sum of all gaps when the valve is in its fully closed position. Any area smaller than this value is maintained at the specified leakage area. This contributes to numerical stability by maintaining continuity in the flow.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Identical for all
flow paths
and Orifice
parameterization to Linear - area vs.
spool travel
.
Smoothing factor — Numerical smoothing factor
0.01
(default) | positive scalar in the range [0,1]
Continuous smoothing factor that introduces a layer of gradual change based to the flow response when the valve is in near-open and near-closed positions. To increase the stability of your simulation in these regimes, set this parameter to a nonzero value less than one.
Spool travel vector, ds — Vector of valve opening distances
[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005]
m
(default) | 1-by-n vector
Vector of control member travel distances for tabular parametrization of volumetric flow rate. The spool travel vector forms an independent axis with the Pressure drop vector, dp parameter for the 3-D dependent Volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) or Mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) parameters. A positive displacement corresponds to valve opening. The values are listed in ascending order and the first element must be 0. Linear interpolation is employed between table data points.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Identical for all
flow paths
and Orifice
parameterization to Volumetric flow rate
vs. spool travel and pressure drop
or
Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel
and pressure drop
.
Pressure drop vector, dp — Vector of valve pressure drop values
[-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa
(default) | 1-by-n vector
Vector of pressure drop values for tabular parametrization of volumetric flow rate. The pressure drop vector forms an independent axis with the Spool travel vector, s parameter for the 3-D dependent Volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) or Mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) parameters. The values are listed in ascending order and must be greater than 0. Linear interpolation is employed between table data points.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Identical for all
flow paths
and Orifice
parameterization to Volumetric flow rate
vs. spool travel and pressure drop
or
Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel
and pressure drop
.
Volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) — Array of volumetric flow rates
[-9.05e-10, 1.57e-09, 2.02e-09, 2.39e-09;
-9.05e-05, .000157, .000202, .000239; -.000362, .000627, .00081,
.000958; -.000724, .00125, .00162, .00192; -.000905, .00156, .002,
.00239] m^3/s
(default) | M-by-N matrix
M-by-N matrix of volumetric flow rates based on independent values of pressure drop and spool travel distance. M and N are the sizes of the corresponding vectors:
M is the number of elements in the Spool travel vector, ds parameter.
N is the number of elements in the Pressure drop vector, dp parameter.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Identical for all
flow paths
and Orifice
parameterization to Tabulated data -
Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure
drop
.
Reference inflow temperature — Temperature at which pressure-drop data is specified
293.15 K
(default) | positive scalar
Temperature at which the tabulated pressure-drop data is specified.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Orifice
parameterization to Tabulated data -
Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure
drop
.
Reference inflow pressure — Pressure at which pressure-drop tabulated data is specified
0.101325 MPa
(default) | positive scalar
Pressure at which the tabulated pressure-drop data is specified. The block uses this parameter to calculate a third reference parameter, the reference density. The reference that it uses to scale the tabulated pressure drop data for pressures and temperatures deviating from the reference conditions.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Orifice
parameterization to Tabulated data -
Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure
drop
.
Mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) — Mass flow rate
1e3 * [-9.05e-10, 1.57e-09, 2.02e-09,
2.39e-09; -9.05e-05, .000157, .000202, .000239; -.000362, .000627,
.00081, .000958; -.000724, .00125, .00162, .00192; -.000905, .00156,
.002, .00239] kg/s
(default) | M-by-N matrix
Mass flow rate for M given control member positions and N given pressure drops over the orifice. The control member position represents a spool or other mechanism that controls the opening area.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Orifice
parameterization to Tabulated data -
Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure
drop
.
Discharge coefficient — Discharge coefficient
0.64
(default) | positive scalar
Correction factor that accounts for discharge losses in theoretical flows.
Critical Reynolds number — Upper Reynolds number limit for laminar flow
150
(default) | positive scalar
Upper Reynolds number limit for laminar flow through the valve.
Pressure recovery — Whether to account for pressure increase in area expansions
on
(default) | off
Select to account for pressure increase when fluid flows from a region of a smaller cross-sectional area to a region of larger cross-sectional area.
Cross-sectional area at ports A, P and T — Area at valve entry or exit
0.01 m^2
(default) | positive scalar
Cross-sectional area at the entry and exit ports A, P, and T. These areas are used in the pressure-flow rate equation that determines volumetric flow rate through the valve.
P-A Orifice
Spool position at maximum P-A orifice area — Spool offset at maximum area between ports P and A
4.5e-3 m
(default) | scalar
Initial orifice opening distance between ports P and A. The default represents a underlapped system.
If the magnitude of Spool position at maximum orifice area is less than the value of Spool travel between closed and open orifice, the orifice is underlapped, or partially open when the spool position equals 0 m.
If the magnitude of Spool position at maximum orifice area is greater than the value of Spool travel between closed and open orifice, the orifice is overlapped. This means the valve remains closed over a range of spool positions.
If the magnitude of Spool position at maximum orifice area is equal to the value of Spool travel between closed and open orifice, the orifice is zero-lapped. This means the valve is closed when the spool position equals 0 and begins to open as soon as the spool position changes.
P-A spool travel between closed and open orifice — Maximum stroke for the spool between ports P and A
0.005 m
(default) | positive scalar
Maximum distance of spool travel for the orifice between ports P and A. This value provides an upper limit to calculations so that simulations do not return unphysical values.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Different for each
flow path
.
P-A maximum orifice area — Maximum area between ports P and A
1e-4 m^2
(default) | positive scalar
Cross-sectional area of the orifice between ports P and A in its fully open position.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Different for each
flow path
and Orifice
parameterization to Linear - area vs.
spool travel
.
P-A orifice spool travel vector — Vector of valve opening distance
[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005]
m
(default) | 1-byn vector
Vector of control member travel distances for the tabular parameterization of valve area. The vector elements must correspond one-to-one with the elements in the P-A orifice area vector parameter. The values are listed in ascending order and the first element must be 0. Linear interpolation is employed between table data points.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Different for each
flow path
and Orifice
parameterization to Tabulated data -
Area vs. spool travel
.
P-A orifice area vector — Vector of valve opening areas
[1e-10, 1e-05, 4e-05, 8e-05, .0001]
m^2
(default) | 1-by-n vector
Vector of opening areas for the tabular parameterization of valve opening area. The vector elements must correspond one-to-one with the elements in the P-A orifice spool travel vector parameter. The elements are listed in ascending order and must be greater than 0.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Different for each
flow path
and Opening
parameterization to Tabulated data -
Area vs. spool travel
.
P-A orifice spool travel vector, ds — Vector of valve opening distances
[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005]
m
(default) | 1-by-n vector
Vector of control member travel distances for tabular parametrization of volumetric flow rate. The spool travel vector forms an independent axis with the P-A orifice pressure drop vector, dp parameter for the 3-D dependent P-A orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(s,dp) or Mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) parameters. A positive displacement corresponds to valve opening. The values are listed in ascending order and the first element must be 0. Linear interpolation is employed between table data points.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Identical for all
flow paths
and Orifice
parameterization to Volumetric flow rate
vs. spool travel and pressure drop
or
Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel
and pressure drop
.
P-A orifice pressure drop vector, dp — Vector of pressure drop values over the valve
[-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa
(default) | 1-by-n vector
Vector of pressure drop values for tabular parametrization of volumetric flow rate. The pressure drop vector forms an independent axis with the P-A orifice spool travel vector, s parameter for the 3-D dependent P-A orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(s,dp) or Mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) parameters. The values are listed in ascending order and must be greater than 0. Linear interpolation is employed between table data points.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Identical for all
flow paths
and Orifice
parameterization to Volumetric flow rate
vs. spool travel and pressure drop
or
Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel
and pressure drop
.
P-A orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) — Vector of valve volumetric flow rates
[-9.05e-10, 1.57e-09, 2.02e-09, 2.39e-09;
-9.05e-05, .000157, .000202, .000239; -.000362, .000627, .00081,
.000958; -.000724, .00125, .00162, .00192; -.000905, .00156, .002,
.00239] m^3/s
(default) | M-by-N matrix
M-by-N matrix of volumetric flow rates based on independent values of pressure drop and spool travel distance. M and N are the sizes of the corresponding vectors:
M is the number of elements in the P-A orifice pressure drop vector, dp parameter.
N is the number of elements in the P-A orifice spool travel vector, s parameter.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Different for each
flow path
and Orifice
parameterization to Tabulated data -
Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure
drop
.
P-A orifice mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) — Vector of valve mass flow rates
1e3 * [-9.05e-10, 1.57e-09, 2.02e-09,
2.39e-09; -9.05e-05, .000157, .000202, .000239; -.000362, .000627,
.00081, .000958; -.000724, .00125, .00162, .00192; -.000905, .00156,
.002, .00239] kg/s
(default) | M-by-N matrix
M-by-N matrix of mass flow rates based on independent values of pressure drop and spool travel distance. M and N are the sizes of the corresponding vectors:
M is the number of elements in the P-A orifice pressure drop vector, dp parameter.
N is the number of elements in the P-A orifice spool travel vector, s parameter.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Different for each
flow path
and Orifice
parameterization to Tabulated data -
Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure
drop
.
A-T Orifice
Spool position at maximum A-T orifice area — Spool offset at maximum area between ports A and T
-4.5e-3 m
(default) | scalar
Initial orifice opening distance between ports A and T. The default represents a underlapped system.
If the magnitude of Spool position at maximum orifice area is less than the value of Spool travel between closed and open orifice, the orifice is underlapped, or partially open when the spool position equals 0 m.
If the magnitude of Spool position at maximum orifice area is greater than the value of Spool travel between closed and open orifice, the orifice is overlapped. This means the valve remains closed over a range of spool positions.
If the magnitude of Spool position at maximum orifice area is equal to the value of Spool travel between closed and open orifice, the orifice is zero-lapped. This means the valve is closed when the spool position equals 0 and begins to open as soon as the spool position changes.
A-T spool travel between closed and open orifice — Maximum stroke for the spool between ports A and T
0.005 m
(default) | positive scalar
Maximum distance of spool travel for the orifice between ports A and T. This value provides an upper limit to calculations so that simulations do not return unphysical values.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics type to Different for
each flow path
.
A-T maximum orifice area — Maximum area between ports A and T
1e-4 m^2
(default) | positive scalar
Cross-sectional area of the orifice between ports A and T in its fully open position.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Different for each
flow path
and Orifice
parameterization to Linear - area vs.
spool travel
.
A-T orifice spool travel vector — Vector of valve opening distances
[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005]
m
(default) | 1-by-n vector
Vector of control member travel distances for the tabular parameterization of valve area. The vector elements must correspond one-to-one with the elements in the A-T orifice area vector parameter. The values are listed in ascending order and the first element must be 0. Linear interpolation is employed between table data points.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Different for each
flow path
and Orifice
parameterization to Tabulated data -
Area vs. spool travel
.
A-T orifice area vector — Vector of valve opening areas
[1e-10, 1e-05, 4e-05, 8e-05, .0001]
m^2
(default) | 1-by-n vector
Vector of opening areas for the tabular parameterization of valve opening area. The vector elements must correspond one-to-one with the elements in the A-T orifice spool travel vector parameter. The elements are listed in ascending order and must be greater than 0.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Different for each
flow path
and Opening
parameterization to Tabulated data -
Area vs. spool travel
.
A-T orifice spool travel vector, ds — Vector of valve opening distances
[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005]
m
(default) | 1-by-n vector
Vector of control member travel distances for tabular parametrization of volumetric flow rate. The spool travel vector forms an independent axis with the A-T orifice pressure drop vector, dp parameter for the 3-D dependent A-T orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) or Mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) parameters. A positive displacement corresponds to valve opening. The values are listed in ascending order and the first element must be 0. Linear interpolation is employed between table data points.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Identical for all
flow paths
and Orifice
parameterization to Volumetric flow rate
vs. spool travel and pressure drop
or
Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel
and pressure drop
.
A-T orifice pressure drop vector, dp — Vector of pressure drop values over the valve
[-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa
(default) | 1-by-n vector
Vector of pressure drop values for tabular parametrization of volumetric flow rate. The pressure drop vector forms an independent axis with the A-T orifice spool travel vector, s parameter for the 3-D dependent A-T orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) or Mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) parameters. The values are listed in ascending order and must be greater than 0. Linear interpolation is employed between table data points.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Identical for all
flow paths
and Orifice
parameterization to Volumetric flow rate
vs. spool travel and pressure drop
or
Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel
and pressure drop
.
A-T orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) — Vector of volumetric flow rate for tabular parameterization - different flow paths
[-9.05e-10, 1.57e-09, 2.02e-09, 2.39e-09;
-9.05e-05, .000157, .000202, .000239; -.000362, .000627, .00081,
.000958; -.000724, .00125, .00162, .00192; -.000905, .00156, .002,
.00239] m^3/s
(default) | M-by-N matrix
M-by-N matrix of volumetric flow rates based on independent values of pressure drop and spool travel distance. M and N are the sizes of the corresponding vectors:
M is the number of elements in the A-T orifice pressure drop vector, dp parameter.
N is the number of elements in the A-T orifice spool travel vector, s parameter.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Different for each
flow path
and Orifice
parameterization to Tabulated data -
Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure
drop
.
A-T orifice mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) — Vector of mass flow rate for tabular parameterization - different flow paths
1e3 * [-9.05e-10, 1.57e-09, 2.02e-09,
2.39e-09; -9.05e-05, .000157, .000202, .000239; -.000362, .000627,
.00081, .000958; -.000724, .00125, .00162, .00192; -.000905, .00156,
.002, .00239] kg/s
(default) | M-by-N matrix
M-by-N matrix of mass flow rates based on independent values of pressure drop and spool travel distance. M and N are the sizes of the corresponding vectors:
M is the number of elements in the A-T orifice pressure drop vector, dp parameter.
N is the number of elements in the A-T orifice spool travel vector, s parameter.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Different for each
flow path
and Orifice
parameterization to Tabulated data -
Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure
drop
.
P-T Orifice
Spool position at maximum P-T orifice area — Spool offset at maximum area between ports P and T
4.5e-3 m
(default) | scalar
Initial orifice opening distance between ports P and T. The default represents a underlapped system.
If the magnitude of Spool position at maximum orifice area is less than the value of Spool travel between closed and open orifice, the orifice is underlapped, or partially open when the spool position equals 0 m.
If the magnitude of Spool position at maximum orifice area is greater than the value of Spool travel between closed and open orifice, the orifice is overlapped. This means the valve remains closed over a range of spool positions.
If the magnitude of Spool position at maximum orifice area is equal to the value of Spool travel between closed and open orifice, the orifice is zero-lapped. This means the valve is closed when the spool position equals 0 and begins to open as soon as the spool position changes.
P-T spool travel between closed and open orifice — Maximum stroke for the spool between ports P and T
0.005 m
(default) | positive scalar
Maximum distance of spool travel for the orifice between ports P and T. This value provides an upper limit to calculations so that simulations do not return unphysical values.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics type to Different for
each flow path
.
P-T maximum orifice area — Maximum area between ports P and T
1e-4 m^2
(default) | positive scalar
Cross-sectional area of the orifice between ports P and T in its fully open position.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Different for each
flow path
and Orifice
parameterization to Linear - area vs.
spool travel
.
P-T orifice spool travel vector — Vector of valve opening distances
[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005]
m
(default) | 1-by-n vector
Vector of control member travel distances for the tabular parameterization of valve area. The vector elements must correspond one-to-one with the elements in the P-T orifice area vector parameter. The values are listed in ascending order and the first element must be 0. Linear interpolation is employed between table data points.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Different for each
flow path
and Orifice
parameterization to Tabulated data -
Area vs. spool travel
.
P-T orifice area vector — Vector of valve opening areas
[1e-10, 1e-05, 4e-05, 8e-05, .0001]
m^2
(default) | 1-by-n vector
Vector of opening areas for the tabular parameterization of valve opening area. The vector elements must correspond one-to-one with the elements in the P-T orifice spool travel vector parameter. The elements are listed in ascending order and must be greater than 0.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Different for each
flow path
and Opening
parameterization to Tabulated data -
Area vs. spool travel
.
P-T orifice spool travel vector, ds — Vector of valve opening distances
[0, .00125, .0025, .00375, .005]
m
(default) | 1-by-n vector
Vector of control member travel distances for tabular parametrization of volumetric flow rate. The spool travel vector forms an independent axis with the P-T orifice pressure drop vector, dp parameter for the 3-D dependent P-T orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) or Mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) parameters. A positive displacement corresponds to valve opening. The values are listed in ascending order and the first element must be 0. Linear interpolation is employed between table data points.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Identical for all
flow paths
and Orifice
parameterization to Volumetric flow rate
vs. spool travel and pressure drop
or
Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel
and pressure drop
.
P-T orifice pressure drop vector, dp — Vector of pressure drop values over the valve
[-.1, .3, .5, .7] MPa
(default) | 1-by-n vector
Vector of pressure drop values for tabular parametrization of volumetric flow rate. The pressure drop vector forms an independent axis with the P-T orifice spool travel vector, ds parameter for the 3-D dependent P-T orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) or Mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) parameters. The values are listed in ascending order and must be greater than 0. Linear interpolation is employed between table data points.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Identical for all
flow paths
and Orifice
parameterization to Volumetric flow rate
vs. spool travel and pressure drop
or
Tabulated data - Mass flow rate vs. spool travel
and pressure drop
.
P-T orifice volumetric flow rate table, q(ds,dp) — Vector of volumetric flow rate for tabular parameterization - different flow paths
[-9.05e-10, 1.57e-09, 2.02e-09, 2.39e-09;
-9.05e-05, .000157, .000202, .000239; -.000362, .000627, .00081,
.000958; -.000724, .00125, .00162, .00192; -.000905, .00156, .002,
.00239] m^3/s
(default) | M-by-N matrix
M-by-N matrix of volumetric flow rates based on independent values of pressure drop and spool travel distance. M and N are the sizes of the corresponding vectors:
M is the number of elements in the P-T orifice pressure drop vector, dp parameter.
N is the number of elements in the P-T orifice spool travel vector, ds parameter.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Different for each
flow path
and Orifice
parameterization to Tabulated data -
Volumetric flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure
drop
.
P-T orifice mass flow rate table, mdot(ds,dp) — Vector of mass flow rate for tabular parameterization - different flow paths
1e3 * [-9.05e-10, 1.57e-09, 2.02e-09,
2.39e-09; -9.05e-05, .000157, .000202, .000239; -.000362, .000627,
.00081, .000958; -.000724, .00125, .00162, .00192; -.000905, .00156,
.002, .00239] kg/s
(default)
M-by-N matrix of mass flow rates based on independent values of pressure drop and spool travel distance. M and N are the sizes of the corresponding vectors:
M is the number of elements in the P-T orifice pressure drop vector, dp parameter.
N is the number of elements in the P-T orifice spool travel vector, ds parameter.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Area
characteristics to Different for each
flow path
and Orifice
parameterization to Tabulated data -
Mass flow rate vs. spool travel and pressure
drop
.
Extended Capabilities
C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.
Version History
Introduced in R2016aR2022b: Right-click blocks to view opening characteristic plots
You can view the plot of the area or volumetric flow rate with respect to spool position for each orifice by right-clicking the block and selecting Fluids > Plot Valve Characteristics.
MATLAB-Befehl
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