NR PUSCH Throughput

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This example shows how to measure the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) throughput of a 5G New Radio (NR) link, as defined by the 3GPP NR standard. The example implements PUSCH and uplink transport channel (UL-SCH). The transmitter model includes PUSCH demodulation reference symbols (DM-RS). The example supports both clustered delay line (CDL) and tapped delay line (TDL) propagation channels. You can perform perfect or practical synchronization and channel estimation. To reduce the total simulation time, you can execute the SNR points in the SNR loop in parallel by using the Parallel Computing Toolbox™.

Introduction

This example measures the PUSCH throughput of a 5G link, as defined by the 3GPP NR standard [ 1 ], [ 2 ], [ 3 ], [ 4 ].

The following 5G NR features are modeled:

UL-SCH transport channel coding
PUSCH and PUSCH DM-RS generation
Variable subcarrier spacing and frame numerologies (2^n * 15kHz)
Normal and extended cyclic prefix
TDL and CDL propagation channel models

Other features of the simulation are:

Codebook and non-codebook based PUSCH transmission schemes
Optional PUSCH transform precoding
Slot wise and non slot wise PUSCH and DM-RS mapping
Perfect or practical synchronization and channel estimation
HARQ operation with 16 processes

The figure below shows the processing chain implemented. For clarity, the DM-RS generation has been omitted.

Note that this example does not include closed-loop adaptation of the MIMO precoding according to channel conditions. The PUSCH MIMO precoding used in the example is as follows:

For codebook based transmission, the MIMO precoding matrix used inside the PUSCH modulation can be selected using the TPMI parameter.
The implementation-specific MIMO precoding matrix (for non-codebook based transmission, or MIMO precoding between transmission antenna ports and antennas for codebook based transmission) is an identity matrix.

To reduce the total simulation time, you can use the Parallel Computing Toolbox to execute the SNR points of the SNR loop in parallel.

Simulation Length and SNR Points

Set the length of the simulation in terms of the number of 10ms frames. A large number of NFrames should be used to produce meaningful throughput results. Set the SNR points to simulate. The SNR is defined per RE and applies to each receive antenna.

simParameters = [];             % Clear simParameters variable
simParameters.NFrames = 2;      % Number of 10ms frames
simParameters.SNRIn = [-5 0 5]; % SNR range (dB)

The variable displaySimulationInformation controls the display of simulation information such as the HARQ process ID used for each subframe. In case of CRC error, the value of the index to the RV sequence is also displayed.

displaySimulationInformation = true;

Channel Estimator Configuration

The logical variable perfectChannelEstimator controls channel estimation and synchronization behavior. When set to true, perfect channel estimation and synchronization is used. Otherwise, practical channel estimation and synchronization is used, based on the values of the received PUSCH DM-RS.

perfectChannelEstimator = true;

Carrier and PUSCH Configuration

Set the key parameters of the simulation. These include:

The bandwidth in resource blocks (12 subcarriers per resource block)
Subcarrier spacing: 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 (kHz)
Cyclic prefix length: normal or extended
Cell ID
Number of transmit and receive antennas

A substructure containing the UL-SCH and PUSCH parameters is also specified. This includes:

Target code rate
Allocated resource blocks (PRBSet)
Modulation scheme: 'pi/2-BPSK', 'QPSK', '16QAM', '64QAM', '256QAM'
Number of layers
Transform precoding (enable/disable)
PUSCH transmission scheme and MIMO precoding matrix indication (TPMI)
Number of antenna ports
PUSCH mapping type
DM-RS configuration parameters

Other simulation wide parameters are:

Propagation channel model: 'TDL' or 'CDL'

Note that if transform precoding is enabled, the number of layers should be set to 1.

% Bandwidth, numerology (SCS and CP type) and other general parameters
simParameters.NRB = 52;                % Bandwidth in number of resource blocks (52RBs at 15kHz SCS for 10MHz BW)
simParameters.SubcarrierSpacing = 15;  % 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 (kHz)
simParameters.CyclicPrefix = 'Normal'; % 'Normal' or 'Extended'
simParameters.NCellID = 0;             % Cell identity
simParameters.NTxAnts = 1;             % Number of transmit antennas
simParameters.NRxAnts = 2;             % Number of receive antennas

% UL-SCH/PUSCH parameters
simParameters.PUSCH.TargetCodeRate = 193 / 1024;      % Code rate used to calculate transport block sizes
simParameters.PUSCH.PRBSet = (0:simParameters.NRB-1); % PUSCH PRB allocation
simParameters.PUSCH.SymbolSet = 0:13;            % PUSCH symbol allocation in each slot
simParameters.PUSCH.NohPRB = 0;                  % Additional RE overhead per PRB
simParameters.PUSCH.EnableHARQ = true;           % Enable/disable HARQ, if disabled, single transmission with RV=0, i.e. no retransmissions
simParameters.PUSCH.Modulation = 'QPSK';         % 'pi/2-BPSK', 'QPSK', '16QAM', '64QAM', '256QAM'
simParameters.PUSCH.NLayers = 1;                 % Number of PUSCH layers
simParameters.PUSCH.RNTI = 1;                    % Radio Network Temporary Identifier
simParameters.PUSCH.TransformPrecoding = false;  % Enable/disable transform precoding
simParameters.PUSCH.TxScheme = 'nonCodebook';    % Transmission scheme ('nonCodebook','codebook')
simParameters.PUSCH.NAntennaPorts = 1;           % Number of antenna ports for codebook based precoding
simParameters.PUSCH.TPMI = 0;                    % Precoding matrix indicator for codebook based precoding
% PUSCH DM-RS configuration
simParameters.PUSCH.PUSCHMappingType = 'A';      % PUSCH mapping type ('A'(slot-wise),'B'(non slot-wise))
simParameters.PUSCH.DMRSTypeAPosition = 2;       % Mapping type A only. First DM-RS symbol position (2,3)
simParameters.PUSCH.DMRSLength = 1;              % Number of front-loaded DM-RS symbols (1(single symbol),2(double symbol))
simParameters.PUSCH.DMRSAdditionalPosition = 1;  % Additional DM-RS symbol positions (max range 0...3)
simParameters.PUSCH.DMRSConfigurationType = 1;   % DM-RS configuration type (1,2)
simParameters.PUSCH.NumCDMGroupsWithoutData = 2; % CDM groups without data
simParameters.PUSCH.NIDNSCID = 0;                % Scrambling identity (0...65535)
simParameters.PUSCH.NSCID = 0;                   % Scrambling initialization (0,1)
simParameters.PUSCH.NRSID = 0;                   % Scrambling ID for low-PAPR sequences (0...1007)
simParameters.PUSCH.GroupHopping = 'Disable';    % Hopping type ('Enable','Disable')

% Define the propagation channel type
simParameters.ChannelType = 'TDL'; % 'CDL' or 'TDL'

Create carrier configuration object carrier and PUSCH configuration structure pusch.

carrier = nrCarrierConfig;
carrier.SubcarrierSpacing = simParameters.SubcarrierSpacing;
carrier.CyclicPrefix = simParameters.CyclicPrefix;
carrier.NSizeGrid = simParameters.NRB;
carrier.NCellID = simParameters.NCellID;
pusch = simParameters.PUSCH;

For key simulation parameters, define local variables for convenience.

snrIn = simParameters.SNRIn;
nTxAnts = simParameters.NTxAnts;
nRxAnts = simParameters.NRxAnts;
channelType = simParameters.ChannelType;

Propagation Channel Model Configuration

Create the channel model object. Both CDL and TDL channel models are supported [ 5 ].

if strcmpi(channelType,'CDL')

    channel = nrCDLChannel;
    channel.DelayProfile = 'CDL-A';
    [txsize,rxsize] = hArrayGeometry(nTxAnts,nRxAnts,'uplink');
    channel.TransmitAntennaArray.Size = txsize;
    channel.ReceiveAntennaArray.Size = rxsize;

else

    channel = nrTDLChannel;
    channel.DelayProfile = 'TDL-A';
    channel.NumTransmitAntennas = nTxAnts;
    channel.NumReceiveAntennas = nRxAnts;

end

channel.DelaySpread = 30e-9; % in seconds
channel.MaximumDopplerShift = 10; % in Hz

The sample rate for the channel model is set using the value returned from nrOFDMInfo.

waveformInfo = nrOFDMInfo(carrier);
channel.SampleRate = waveformInfo.SampleRate;

Get the maximum number of delayed samples by a channel multipath component. This is calculated from the channel path with the largest delay and the implementation delay of the channel filter. This is required later to flush the channel filter to obtain the received signal.

chInfo = info(channel);
maxChDelay = ceil(max(chInfo.PathDelays*channel.SampleRate));
maxChDelay = maxChDelay + chInfo.ChannelFilterDelay;

Processing Loop

To determine the throughput at each SNR point, the PUSCH data is analyzed per transmission instance using the following steps:

Update current HARQ process. Check the CRC of the previous transmission for the given HARQ process. Determine whether a retransmission is required. If that is not the case generate new data.
Generate resource grid. Channel coding is performed by nrULSCH. It operates on the input transport block provided. Internally, it keeps a copy of the transport block in case a retransmission is required. The coded bits are modulated by nrPUSCH. Implementation-specific MIMO precoding is applied to the resulting signal. Note that if TxScheme='codebook', codebook based MIMO precoding will already have been applied inside nrPUSCH and the implementation-specific MIMO precoding is an additional stage of MIMO precoding.
Generate waveform. The generated grid is then OFDM modulated.
Model noisy channel. The waveform is passed through a CDL or TDL fading channel. AWGN is added. The SNR for each layer is defined per RE and per receive antenna.
Perform synchronization and OFDM demodulation. For perfect synchronization, the channel impulse response is reconstructed and used to synchronize the received waveform. For practical synchronization, the received waveform is correlated with the PUSCH DM-RS. The synchronized signal is then OFDM demodulated.
Perform channel estimation. If perfect channel estimation is used, the channel impulse response is reconstructed and OFDM demodulated to provide a channel estimate. For practical channel estimation, the PUSCH DM-RS is used.
Extract PUSCH and perform equalization. The resource elements corresponding to the PUSCH allocation are extracted from the received OFDM resource grid and the channel estimate using nrExtractResources. The received PUSCH resource elements are then MMSE equalized using nrEqualizeMMSE.
Decode the PUSCH. The equalized PUSCH symbols, along with a noise estimate, are demodulated and descrambled by nrPUSCHDecode to obtain an estimate of the received codewords.
Decode the Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH) and store the block CRC error for a HARQ process. The vector of decoded soft bits is passed to nrULSCHDecoder which decodes the codeword and returns the block CRC error used to determine the throughput of the system.

% Array to store the maximum throughput for all SNR points
maxThroughput = zeros(length(snrIn),1);
% Array to store the simulation throughput for all SNR points
simThroughput = zeros(length(snrIn),1);

% Set up Redundancy Version (RV) sequence, number of HARQ processes and
% the sequence in which the HARQ processes are used
if pusch.EnableHARQ
    % From PUSCH demodulation requirements in RAN WG4 meeting #88bis
    % (R4-1814062)
    rvSeq = [0 2 3 1];
else
    % HARQ disabled - single transmission with RV=0, no retransmissions
    rvSeq = 0;
end

% Create UL-SCH encoder System object
encodeULSCH = nrULSCH;
encodeULSCH.MultipleHARQProcesses = true;
encodeULSCH.TargetCodeRate = pusch.TargetCodeRate;

% Create UL-SCH decoder System object
% Use layered belief propagation for LDPC decoding, with half the number of
% iterations as compared to the default for belief propagation decoding
decodeULSCH = nrULSCHDecoder;
decodeULSCH.MultipleHARQProcesses = true;
decodeULSCH.TargetCodeRate = pusch.TargetCodeRate;
decodeULSCH.LDPCDecodingAlgorithm = 'Layered belief propagation';
decodeULSCH.MaximumLDPCIterationCount = 6;

% The temporary variables 'carrier_init', 'pusch_init' and
% 'decodeULSCH_init' are used to create the temporary variables 'carrier',
% 'pusch' and 'decodeULSCH' within the SNR loop to create independent
% instances in case of parallel simulation
carrier_init = carrier;
pusch_init = pusch;
decodeULSCH_init = clone(decodeULSCH);

% Get the values of 'NFrames' to avoid overhead in case of parallel
% simulation
NFrames = simParameters.NFrames;

for snrIdx = 1:numel(snrIn) % comment out for parallel computing
% parfor snrIdx = 1:numel(snrIn) % uncomment for parallel computing
% To reduce the total simulation time, you can execute this loop in
% parallel by using the Parallel Computing Toolbox. Comment out the 'for'
% statement and uncomment the 'parfor' statement. If the Parallel Computing
% Toolbox is not installed, 'parfor' defaults to normal 'for' statement.
% Because parfor-loop iterations are executed in parallel in a
% nondeterministic order, the simulation information displayed for each SNR
% point can be intertwined. To switch off simulation information display,
% set the 'displaySimulationInformation' variable above to false

    % Reset the random number generator and channel, so that each SNR point
    % will experience the same noise and channel realizations
    rng('default');
    reset(channel);

    % Initialize variables for this SNR point, required for initialization
    % of variables when using the Parallel Computing Toolbox
    carrier = carrier_init;
    pusch = pusch_init;
    pathFilters = [];

    % Specify the order in which we cycle through the HARQ processes
    NHARQProcesses = 16;
    harqSequence = 1:NHARQProcesses;

    % Initialize the state of all HARQ processes and reset the UL-SCH
    % decoder
    harqProcesses = hNewHARQProcesses(NHARQProcesses,rvSeq,1);
    harqProcCntr = 0; % HARQ process counter
    decodeULSCH = clone(decodeULSCH_init);

    SNRdB = snrIn(snrIdx);
    fprintf('\nSimulating %s-based transmission scheme (%dx%d) and SCS=%dkHz with %s channel at %gdB SNR for %d 10ms frame(s)\n',pusch.TxScheme,nTxAnts,nRxAnts,carrier.SubcarrierSpacing,channelType,SNRdB,NFrames);

    % Total number of slots in the simulation period
    NSlots = NFrames * carrier.SlotsPerFrame;

    % Create 'ue' structure
    ue = struct();
    ue.NRB = carrier.NSizeGrid;
    ue.CyclicPrefix = carrier.CyclicPrefix;
    ue.SubcarrierSpacing = carrier.SubcarrierSpacing;
    ue.NCellID = carrier.NCellID;

    % Timing offset, updated in every slot for perfect synchronization and
    % when the correlation is strong for practical synchronization
    offset = 0;

    % Loop over the entire waveform length
    for nslot = 0:NSlots-1

        % Update the carrier and PUSCH slot numbers to account for a new
        % PUSCH transmission
        carrier.NSlot = nslot;
        pusch.NSlot = nslot;

        % Calculate the transport block size for this slot
        [puschIndices,dmrsIndices,dmrsSymbols,puschIndicesInfo] = hPUSCHResources(ue,pusch);
        MRB = numel(pusch.PRBSet);
        TBS = nrTBS(pusch.Modulation,pusch.NLayers,MRB,puschIndicesInfo.NREPerPRB,pusch.TargetCodeRate,pusch.NohPRB);

        % Get HARQ process index for the current PUSCH from the HARQ index
        % table
        harqProcIdx = harqSequence(mod(harqProcCntr,length(harqSequence))+1);

        % Update current HARQ process information (this updates the RV
        % depending on CRC pass or fail in the previous transmission for
        % this HARQ process)
        harqProcesses(harqProcIdx) = hUpdateHARQProcess(harqProcesses(harqProcIdx),1);

        % HARQ: check CRC from previous transmission, i.e. is a
        % retransmission required?
        NDI = false;
        if harqProcesses(harqProcIdx).blkerr % errored
            if (harqProcesses(harqProcIdx).RVIdx==1) % end of rvSeq
                resetSoftBuffer(decodeULSCH,harqProcIdx-1);
                NDI = true;
            end
        else % no error
            NDI = true;
        end
        if NDI
            trBlk = randi([0 1],TBS,1);
            setTransportBlock(encodeULSCH,trBlk,harqProcIdx-1);
        end

        % UL-SCH encoding
        codedTrBlock = encodeULSCH(pusch.Modulation,pusch.NLayers,puschIndicesInfo.G,harqProcesses(harqProcIdx).RV,harqProcIdx-1);

        % PUSCH modulation, including codebook based MIMO precoding if
        % TxScheme = 'codebook'
        puschSymbols = nrPUSCH(codedTrBlock,pusch.Modulation,pusch.NLayers,carrier.NCellID,pusch.RNTI,pusch.TransformPrecoding,MRB,pusch.TxScheme,pusch.NAntennaPorts,pusch.TPMI);

        % Create resource grid associated with PUSCH transmission period
        puschGrid = nrResourceGrid(carrier,nTxAnts);

        % Implementation-specific PUSCH MIMO precoding and mapping. This
        % MIMO precoding step is in addition to any codebook based
        % MIMO precoding done during PUSCH modulation above
        if (strcmpi(pusch.TxScheme,'codebook'))
            % codebook based MIMO precoding, F precodes between PUSCH
            % transmit antenna ports and transmit antennas
            F = eye(pusch.NAntennaPorts,nTxAnts);
        else
            % non-codebook based MIMO precoding, F precodes between PUSCH
            % layers and transmit antennas
            F = eye(pusch.NLayers,nTxAnts);
        end
        [~,puschAntIndices] = nrExtractResources(puschIndices,puschGrid);
        puschGrid(puschAntIndices) = puschSymbols * F;

        % Implementation-specific PUSCH DM-RS MIMO precoding and mapping.
        % The DM-RS creation in hPUSCHResources above includes codebook
        % based MIMO precoding if applicable
        for p = 1:size(dmrsSymbols,2)
            [~,dmrsAntIndices] = nrExtractResources(dmrsIndices(:,p),puschGrid);
            puschGrid(dmrsAntIndices) = puschGrid(dmrsAntIndices) + dmrsSymbols(:,p) * F(p,:);
        end

        % OFDM modulation
        txWaveform = nrOFDMModulate(carrier,puschGrid);

        % Pass data through channel model. Append zeros at the end of the
        % transmitted waveform to flush channel content. These zeros take
        % into account any delay introduced in the channel. This is a mix
        % of multipath delay and implementation delay. This value may
        % change depending on the sampling rate, delay profile and delay
        % spread
        txWaveform = [txWaveform; zeros(maxChDelay,size(txWaveform,2))]; %#ok<AGROW>
        [rxWaveform,pathGains,sampleTimes] = channel(txWaveform);

        % Add AWGN to the received time domain waveform
        % Normalize noise power by the IFFT size used in OFDM modulation,
        % as the OFDM modulator applies this normalization to the
        % transmitted waveform. Also normalize by the number of receive
        % antennas, as the default behaviour of the channel model is to
        % apply this normalization to the received waveform
        SNR = 10^(SNRdB/20);
        N0 = 1/(sqrt(2.0*nRxAnts*double(waveformInfo.Nfft))*SNR);
        noise = N0*complex(randn(size(rxWaveform)),randn(size(rxWaveform)));
        rxWaveform = rxWaveform + noise;

        if (perfectChannelEstimator)
            % Perfect synchronization. Use information provided by the
            % channel to find the strongest multipath component
            pathFilters = getPathFilters(channel);
            [offset,mag] = nrPerfectTimingEstimate(pathGains,pathFilters);
        else
            % Practical synchronization. Correlate the received waveform
            % with the PUSCH DM-RS to give timing offset estimate 't' and
            % correlation magnitude 'mag'. The function
            % hSkipWeakTimingOffset is used to update the receiver timing
            % offset. If the correlation peak in 'mag' is weak, the current
            % timing estimate 't' is ignored and the previous estimate
            % 'offset' is used
            [t,mag] = nrTimingEstimate(carrier,rxWaveform,dmrsIndices,dmrsSymbols); %#ok<UNRCH>
            offset = hSkipWeakTimingOffset(offset,t,mag);
        end
        rxWaveform = rxWaveform(1+offset:end,:);

        % Perform OFDM demodulation on the received data to recreate the
        % resource grid, including padding in the event that practical
        % synchronization results in an incomplete slot being demodulated
        rxGrid = nrOFDMDemodulate(carrier,rxWaveform);
        [K,L,R] = size(rxGrid);
        if (L < carrier.SymbolsPerSlot)
            rxGrid = cat(2,rxGrid,zeros(K,carrier.SymbolsPerSlot-L,R));
        end

        if (perfectChannelEstimator)
            % Perfect channel estimation, use the value of the path gains
            % provided by the channel
            estChannelGrid = nrPerfectChannelEstimate(carrier,pathGains,pathFilters,offset,sampleTimes);

            % Get perfect noise estimate (from the noise realization)
            noiseGrid = nrOFDMDemodulate(carrier,noise(1+offset:end,:));
            noiseEst = var(noiseGrid(:));

            % Apply MIMO deprecoding to estChannelGrid to give an estimate
            % per transmission layer
            K = size(estChannelGrid,1);
            estChannelGrid = reshape(estChannelGrid,K*carrier.SymbolsPerSlot*nRxAnts,nTxAnts);
            estChannelGrid = estChannelGrid * F.';
            if (strcmpi(pusch.TxScheme,'codebook'))
                W = nrPUSCHCodebook(pusch.NLayers,pusch.NAntennaPorts,pusch.TPMI,pusch.TransformPrecoding);
                estChannelGrid = estChannelGrid * W.';
            end
            estChannelGrid = reshape(estChannelGrid,K,carrier.SymbolsPerSlot,nRxAnts,[]);
        else
            % Practical channel estimation between the received grid and
            % each transmission layer, using the PUSCH DM-RS for each layer
            [~,dmrsLayerIndices,dmrsLayerSymbols] = hPUSCHResources(ue,setfield(pusch,'TxScheme','nonCodebook')); %#ok<UNRCH>
            [estChannelGrid,noiseEst] = nrChannelEstimate(carrier,rxGrid,dmrsLayerIndices,dmrsLayerSymbols,'CDMLengths',puschIndicesInfo.CDMLengths);
        end

        % Get PUSCH resource elements from the received grid
        [puschRx,puschHest] = nrExtractResources(puschIndices,rxGrid,estChannelGrid);

        % Equalization
        [puschEq,csi] = nrEqualizeMMSE(puschRx,puschHest,noiseEst);

        % Decode PUSCH physical channel
        [ulschLLRs,rxSymbols] = nrPUSCHDecode(puschEq,pusch.Modulation,carrier.NCellID,pusch.RNTI,noiseEst,pusch.TransformPrecoding,MRB);

        % Apply channel state information (CSI) produced by the equalizer,
        % including the effect of transform precoding if enabled
        if (pusch.TransformPrecoding)
            MSC = MRB * 12;
            csi = nrTransformDeprecode(csi,MRB) / sqrt(MSC);
            csi = repmat(csi((1:MSC:end).'),1,MSC).';
            csi = reshape(csi,size(rxSymbols));
        end
        csi = nrLayerDemap(csi);
        Qm = length(ulschLLRs) / length(rxSymbols);
        csi = reshape(repmat(csi{1}.',Qm,1),[],1);
        ulschLLRs = ulschLLRs .* csi;

        % Decode the UL-SCH transport channel
        decodeULSCH.TransportBlockLength = TBS;
        [decbits,harqProcesses(harqProcIdx).blkerr] = decodeULSCH(ulschLLRs,pusch.Modulation,pusch.NLayers,harqProcesses(harqProcIdx).RV,harqProcIdx-1);

        % Store values to calculate throughput
        simThroughput(snrIdx) = simThroughput(snrIdx) + (~harqProcesses(harqProcIdx).blkerr * TBS);
        maxThroughput(snrIdx) = maxThroughput(snrIdx) + TBS;

        % Display transport block error information
        if (displaySimulationInformation)
            fprintf('\n(%3.2f%%) HARQ Proc %d: ',100*(nslot+1)/NSlots,harqProcIdx);
            estrings = {'passed','failed'};
            rvi = harqProcesses(harqProcIdx).RVIdx;
            if rvi == 1
                ts = sprintf('Initial transmission (RV=%d)',rvSeq(rvi));
            else
                ts = sprintf('Retransmission #%d (RV=%d)',rvi-1,rvSeq(rvi));
            end
            fprintf('%s %s. ',ts,estrings{1+harqProcesses(harqProcIdx).blkerr});
        end

        % Update HARQ process counter
        harqProcCntr = harqProcCntr + 1;

    end

    % Display the results dynamically in the command window
    if (displaySimulationInformation)
        fprintf('\n');
    end
    fprintf([['\nThroughput(Mbps) for ' num2str(NFrames) ' frame(s) '],'= %.4f\n'], 1e-6*simThroughput(snrIdx)/(NFrames*10e-3));
    fprintf(['Throughput(%%) for ' num2str(NFrames) ' frame(s) = %.4f\n'],simThroughput(snrIdx)*100/maxThroughput(snrIdx));

end

Simulating nonCodebook-based transmission scheme (1x2) and SCS=15kHz with TDL channel at -5dB SNR for 2 10ms frame(s)

(5.00%) HARQ Proc 1: Initial transmission (RV=0) failed. 
(10.00%) HARQ Proc 2: Initial transmission (RV=0) failed. 
(15.00%) HARQ Proc 3: Initial transmission (RV=0) failed. 
(20.00%) HARQ Proc 4: Initial transmission (RV=0) failed. 
(25.00%) HARQ Proc 5: Initial transmission (RV=0) failed. 
(30.00%) HARQ Proc 6: Initial transmission (RV=0) failed. 
(35.00%) HARQ Proc 7: Initial transmission (RV=0) failed. 
(40.00%) HARQ Proc 8: Initial transmission (RV=0) failed. 
(45.00%) HARQ Proc 9: Initial transmission (RV=0) failed. 
(50.00%) HARQ Proc 10: Initial transmission (RV=0) failed. 
(55.00%) HARQ Proc 11: Initial transmission (RV=0) failed. 
(60.00%) HARQ Proc 12: Initial transmission (RV=0) failed. 
(65.00%) HARQ Proc 13: Initial transmission (RV=0) failed. 
(70.00%) HARQ Proc 14: Initial transmission (RV=0) failed. 
(75.00%) HARQ Proc 15: Initial transmission (RV=0) failed. 
(80.00%) HARQ Proc 16: Initial transmission (RV=0) failed. 
(85.00%) HARQ Proc 1: Retransmission #1 (RV=2) passed. 
(90.00%) HARQ Proc 2: Retransmission #1 (RV=2) passed. 
(95.00%) HARQ Proc 3: Retransmission #1 (RV=2) passed. 
(100.00%) HARQ Proc 4: Retransmission #1 (RV=2) passed. 

Throughput(Mbps) for 2 frame(s) = 0.5712
Throughput(%) for 2 frame(s) = 20.0000

Simulating nonCodebook-based transmission scheme (1x2) and SCS=15kHz with TDL channel at 0dB SNR for 2 10ms frame(s)

(5.00%) HARQ Proc 1: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(10.00%) HARQ Proc 2: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(15.00%) HARQ Proc 3: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(20.00%) HARQ Proc 4: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(25.00%) HARQ Proc 5: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(30.00%) HARQ Proc 6: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(35.00%) HARQ Proc 7: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(40.00%) HARQ Proc 8: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(45.00%) HARQ Proc 9: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(50.00%) HARQ Proc 10: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(55.00%) HARQ Proc 11: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(60.00%) HARQ Proc 12: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(65.00%) HARQ Proc 13: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(70.00%) HARQ Proc 14: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(75.00%) HARQ Proc 15: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(80.00%) HARQ Proc 16: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(85.00%) HARQ Proc 1: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(90.00%) HARQ Proc 2: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(95.00%) HARQ Proc 3: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(100.00%) HARQ Proc 4: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 

Throughput(Mbps) for 2 frame(s) = 2.8560
Throughput(%) for 2 frame(s) = 100.0000

Simulating nonCodebook-based transmission scheme (1x2) and SCS=15kHz with TDL channel at 5dB SNR for 2 10ms frame(s)

(5.00%) HARQ Proc 1: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(10.00%) HARQ Proc 2: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(15.00%) HARQ Proc 3: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(20.00%) HARQ Proc 4: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(25.00%) HARQ Proc 5: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(30.00%) HARQ Proc 6: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(35.00%) HARQ Proc 7: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(40.00%) HARQ Proc 8: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(45.00%) HARQ Proc 9: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(50.00%) HARQ Proc 10: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(55.00%) HARQ Proc 11: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(60.00%) HARQ Proc 12: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(65.00%) HARQ Proc 13: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(70.00%) HARQ Proc 14: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(75.00%) HARQ Proc 15: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(80.00%) HARQ Proc 16: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(85.00%) HARQ Proc 1: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(90.00%) HARQ Proc 2: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(95.00%) HARQ Proc 3: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 
(100.00%) HARQ Proc 4: Initial transmission (RV=0) passed. 

Throughput(Mbps) for 2 frame(s) = 2.8560
Throughput(%) for 2 frame(s) = 100.0000

Results

Display the measured throughput. This is calculated as the percentage of the maximum possible throughput of the link given the available resources for data transmission.

figure;
plot(snrIn,simThroughput*100./maxThroughput,'o-.')
xlabel('SNR (dB)'); ylabel('Throughput (%)'); grid on;
if (pusch_init.TransformPrecoding)
    ofdmType = 'DFT-s-OFDM';
else
    ofdmType = 'CP-OFDM';
end
title(sprintf('%s / NRB=%d / SCS=%dkHz / %s %d/1024 / %dx%d', ...
    ofdmType,carrier_init.NSizeGrid,carrier_init.SubcarrierSpacing, ...
    pusch_init.Modulation, ...
    round(pusch_init.TargetCodeRate*1024),nTxAnts,nRxAnts));

simResults.simParameters = simParameters;
simResults.simThroughput = simThroughput;
simResults.maxThroughput = maxThroughput;

The figure below shows throughput results obtained simulating 10000 subframes (NFrames = 1000, SNRIn = -16:2:6).

Appendix

This example uses the following helper functions:

Selected Bibliography

3GPP TS 38.211. "NR; Physical channels and modulation (Release 15)." 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network.
3GPP TS 38.212. "NR; Multiplexing and channel coding (Release 15)." 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network.
3GPP TS 38.213. "NR; Physical layer procedures for control (Release 15)." 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network.
3GPP TS 38.214. "NR; Physical layer procedures for data (Release 15)." 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network.
3GPP TR 38.901. "Study on channel model for frequencies from 0.5 to 100 GHz (Release 15)." 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network.