{"group":{"id":1,"name":"Community","lockable":false,"created_at":"2012-01-18T18:02:15.000Z","updated_at":"2026-04-16T00:12:35.000Z","description":"Problems submitted by members of the MATLAB Central community.","is_default":true,"created_by":161519,"badge_id":null,"featured":false,"trending":false,"solution_count_in_trending_period":0,"trending_last_calculated":"2026-04-16T00:00:00.000Z","image_id":null,"published":true,"community_created":false,"status_id":2,"is_default_group_for_player":false,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"restored_by":null,"restored_at":null,"description_opc":null,"description_html":null,"published_at":null},"problems":[{"id":54735,"title":"Solve an ODE: concentrations predicted by the cells-in-series model","description":"One approach for predicting mixing and transport of contaminants in a river is the cells-in-series model. The model divides a river into several well-mixed cells of volume . Then if the discharge (i.e., the volume of water flowing past a cross section per unit time) is  and the first-order decay coefficient (dimensions of time) is , the concentration  in the th cell is given by\r\n\r\nWrite a function to compute the maximum concentration in the th cell and the time it occurs assuming that the concentration in the first cell (i.e., ) is  at time  and no contaminant enters the first cell from upstream.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.4333px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 183.9px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 91.95px; transform-origin: 407px 91.95px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 85px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 42.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 42.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 384px 8px; transform-origin: 384px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eOne approach for predicting mixing and transport of contaminants in a river is the cells-in-series model. The model divides a river into several well-mixed cells of volume \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eV\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 237.25px 8px; transform-origin: 237.25px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e. Then if the discharge (i.e., the volume of water flowing past a cross section per unit time) is \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eQ\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 173.742px 8px; transform-origin: 173.742px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e and the first-order decay coefficient (dimensions of time\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAB4AAAAmCAYAAADTGStiAAAAwUlEQVRYR2NkGCDAOED2MoxaTK2QFwYaFALEa4D4LTZDaRHUEUCLpgGxIBCL0MviVqBFR4F4K9SXdLMYFqr/Ry1GT2C0SFwgO4ZWUIOygxyRGfojUN1MLGrJ8jEoSxgTafE9oLosallMpJ14lZHl41GLSQ0BG6CGw1BNBkD6Ij0qCS+gJTpoFh0D8o/QqwAhGEq0KrlGLcYIgdGgJpgoqKVgNKipFZIEzRkNaoJBRC0Fo0FNrZAkaM5oUBMMImopAACNICMnaBvayAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\" alt=\"^{-1}\" style=\"width: 15px; height: 19px;\" width=\"15\" height=\"19\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 11.275px 8px; transform-origin: 11.275px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e) is \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003ek\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 59.5083px 8px; transform-origin: 59.5083px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, the concentration \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-6px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACQAAAAoCAYAAACWwljjAAACe0lEQVRYR+1WOy8FQRR2f4F4VCIKj5rEq0FCQ6iExOMHeNVCQlSC0HsllIJEJSEehYLGM0Sh8ChVHoUfwPfdzNycdc3O7rq7ucVO8mVnZ2fnfPOdM3NOIifLWiLL+OTEhGweiRUKW6FSGCgSRr7QvxPvDeg/AO82Ivp7EJfRSD/QC+QBz8CTWrAVz0/gAihQY7VeyXCeH0KVmD8P0CjbOLADvAiDVGwbqFFjy3iOhEGIaiwJRbrQl66RNqnMOVCmSC9kmhDJbKpF6Z56wBYTg5izAnQA+5kkxHg5FQty19JFJlt07y1Q6IG8Yw23GKL0j8pN/GkIWPWxW6rkZ35yaTdCjJlhRYAnJ98HmcBTTYSozptYlSfKV3AGZWQipINSr1uFjulUBbX9538mQluY3RO1u9xi6EME8xX6vm7b/0hmUuhbLMqbl3dRJM0LoVkwmYyEjcuxzzqXyaBmDLUBtnSRERFNLpP5i4a8HnumjBOgIugG3G7qSywqy4gpixHmvV2g2XBn8bItFt84/xVw5EZbLtNlBFVicK//XgDvrIFG1Un8i8wYvg0Auhw5RH9NbZYpyaGmrUDjrqYBmdOO8H4D5ALVAAs2FmJuCh6oeX14Nqm5G2rMUUHYCFEZNqpQB5QALWrsGs974BiwBTzvNV3qsoKkm3iSCUd95ZWQJhbk2Y6f9tSPumDT9VJaiRsFoRmQmQAYO7w+2HTypgt5xaRaFIT0aW2E1TNlWd9zaRVl2IR0XcX4KRdCMHY4xoqiG0jVWmET0vEj86Gu05m02ejO1F0UNiHGSifAilMXeFRtUZGZE+PJobAJyXj11I8J2WSKFYoVsilg+/4DSIF3KUPwhP0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" alt=\"C_n\" style=\"width: 18px; height: 20px;\" width=\"18\" height=\"20\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 21px 8px; transform-origin: 21px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e in the \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003en\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 27.225px 8px; transform-origin: 27.225px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eth cell is given by\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 37.9px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 18.95px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 18.95px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-15px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" alt=\"V dC_n/dt = Q C_{n-1} - Q C_n - kVC_n\" style=\"width: 170px; height: 38px;\" width=\"170\" height=\"38\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 43px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 193.958px 8px; transform-origin: 193.958px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWrite a function to compute the maximum concentration in the \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003en\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 145.85px 8px; transform-origin: 145.85px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eth cell and the time it occurs assuming that the concentration in the first cell (i.e., \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" alt=\"n = 1\" style=\"width: 36.5px; height: 18px;\" width=\"36.5\" height=\"18\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 11.275px 8px; transform-origin: 11.275px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e) is \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-6px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" alt=\"C_in\" style=\"width: 21px; height: 20px;\" width=\"21\" height=\"20\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 24.8833px 8px; transform-origin: 24.8833px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e at time \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" alt=\"t = 0\" style=\"width: 33.5px; height: 18px;\" width=\"33.5\" height=\"18\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 171.133px 8px; transform-origin: 171.133px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e and no contaminant enters the first cell from upstream.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function [Cm,tm] = CISmax(Cin,Q,V,k,n)\r\n%  Cm  = maximum concentration in the nth cell\r\n%  tm  = time at which the maximum concentration occurs in the nth cell\r\n%  Cin = initial concentration in cell 1\r\n%  Q   = river discharge [L^3/T]\r\n%  V   = volume of a cell [L^3]\r\n%  k   = decay rate [1/T]\r\n%  n   = index of the cell\r\n\r\n   Cm = Cin*exp(-n);\r\n   tm = log(Cin/Cm);\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nCin = 100;                  % mg/L\r\nV = 100;                    % m^3\r\nQ = 10;                     % m^3/s\r\nk = 0.01;                   % 1/s\r\nn = 4;\r\nCm_correct = 16.8325926;    % mg/L\r\ntm_correct = 27.2727273;    % s\r\n[Cm,tm] = CISmax(Cin,Q,V,k,n);\r\nassert(abs(tm-tm_correct)\u003c1e-6 \u0026\u0026 abs(Cm-Cm_correct)\u003c1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nCin = 50;                   % mg/L\r\nV = 1125;                   % m^3\r\nQ = 25;                     % m^3/s\r\nk = 0.001;                  % 1/s\r\nn = [8 23];\r\nCm_correct = [5.4745741 1.6086642];        % mg/L\r\ntm_correct = [301.4354067 947.3684211];    % s\r\n[Cm,tm] = CISmax(Cin,Q,V,k,n);\r\nassert(all(abs(tm-tm_correct)\u003c1e-6) \u0026\u0026 all(abs(Cm-Cm_correct)\u003c1e-6))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nCin = 100*rand();           % mg/L\r\nV = 1000*rand();            % m^3\r\nQ = 70*rand();              % m^3/s\r\nk = 0.03;                   % 1/s\r\nn = 1;\r\nCm_correct = Cin;           % mg/L\r\ntm_correct = 0;             % s\r\n[Cm,tm] = CISmax(Cin,Q,V,k,n);\r\nassert(abs(tm-tm_correct)\u003c1e-6 \u0026\u0026 abs(Cm-Cm_correct)\u003c1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nCin = 42;                   % mg/L\r\nV = 2560;                   % m^3\r\nQ = 180;                    % m^3/s\r\nk = 0.004;                  % 1/s\r\nn = 6;\r\nCm_correct = 5.5885481;     % mg/L\r\ntm_correct = 67.2834315;    % s\r\n[Cm,tm] = CISmax(Cin,Q,V,k,n);\r\nassert(abs(tm-tm_correct)\u003c1e-6 \u0026\u0026 abs(Cm-Cm_correct)\u003c1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nCin = 8;                    % mg/L\r\nV = 3100;                   % m^3\r\nQ = 124;                    % m^3/s\r\nk = 0.006;                  % 1/s\r\nn = 9;\r\nCm_correct = 0.3650487;     % mg/L\r\ntm_correct = 173.9130435;   % s\r\n[Cm,tm] = CISmax(Cin,Q,V,k,n);\r\nassert(abs(tm-tm_correct)\u003c1e-6 \u0026\u0026 abs(Cm-Cm_correct)\u003c1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nCin = 100*rand();           % mg/L\r\nV = 531;                    % m^3\r\nQ = 6;                      % m^3/s\r\nk = 0;                      % 1/s\r\nn = [7 14];\r\nr_correct = 0.6844581;     \r\nCm = CISmax(Cin,Q,V,k,n);\r\nassert(abs(Cm(2)/Cm(1)-r_correct)\u003c1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nfiletext = fileread('CISmax.m');\r\nillegal = contains(filetext, 'assignin') || contains(filetext, 'assert') || contains(filetext,'switch') || contains(filetext,'regexp'); \r\nassert(~illegal)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":1,"comments_count":3,"created_by":46909,"edited_by":46909,"edited_at":"2022-06-11T04:58:19.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":3,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2022-06-11T04:52:21.000Z","updated_at":"2022-06-11T04:58:19.000Z","published_at":"2022-06-11T04:58:19.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eOne approach for predicting mixing and transport of contaminants in a river is the cells-in-series model. The model divides a river into several well-mixed cells of volume \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"V\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eV\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. Then if the discharge (i.e., the volume of water flowing past a cross section per unit time) is \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"Q\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eQ\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and the first-order decay coefficient (dimensions of time\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"^{-1}\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e^{-1}\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e) is \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"k\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ek\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, the concentration \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"C_n\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eC_n\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e in the \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"n\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003en\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eth cell is given by\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"true\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"V dC_n/dt = Q C_{n-1} - Q C_n - kVC_n\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eV\\\\frac{dC_n}{dt} = Q C_{n-1} – Q C_n – k V C_n\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWrite a function to compute the maximum concentration in the \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"n\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003en\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eth cell and the time it occurs assuming that the concentration in the first cell (i.e., \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"n = 1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003en = 1\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e) is \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"C_in\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eC_{in}\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e at time \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"t = 0\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003et = 0\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and no contaminant enters the first cell from upstream.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":60406,"title":"Alert a city about a spill","description":"Problem statement\r\nCody Problem 54750 involved determining the length of a stream affected by a spill of a contaminant. Any municipalities within that reach would want to know when water from the river would be safe to drink—for example, below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s maximum contaminant level (MCL). As in CP 54750, the spill of mass  will be assumed instantaneous at position  and time  and mixed over the cross section (with area ). Then if the flow is steady and the geometry of the flow does not change downstream, the concentration can be computed with  \r\n\r\nwhere  is the mean velocity of the river,  is the discharge or volumetric flow rate, and  is a dispersion coefficient, which describes spreading by several mechanisms. \r\nWrite a function that returns the dates and times (given as datetimes) between which the water is unsafe to drink (i.e., the concentration exceeds the MCL) at position  downstream of the spill. Round the times to the nearest second. If the concentration does not exceed the MCL, return 'The MCL is not exceeded.' Please note that the MCL is given in mg/L, whereas other variables are given in SI units. \r\nDetails\r\nMany empirical formulas are available for the dispersion coefficient. For this problem, use the formula of Seo and Cheong (1998):\r\n\r\nwhere  is the width of the channel (assumed rectangular here),  is the water depth, and  is the shear velocity, which is related to the shear stress on the wetted perimeter of the channel. In steady uniform flow, the component of the fluid’s weight down the slope will balance the friction on the channel bed, and the shear velocity can be computed as\r\n\r\nwhere  is the gravitational acceleration,  is the longitudinal slope of the channel,  is the hydraulic radius, and  is the wetted perimeter. For a rectangular channel, . \r\nIn addition to assuming steady uniform flow and an unchanging channel, ignore any reaction, decay, or loss of the chemical; this assumption provides a conservative estimate of the time range. In practice, one would include a factor of safety that accounts for uncertainty in the parameters. Nevertheless, the calculations here would form a basis for the advice to the city.  ","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.4333px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 690.033px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 345.017px; transform-origin: 407px 345.017px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 63.0083px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 63.0083px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eProblem statement\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 105px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 52.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 52.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/54750\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration-line: underline; \"\u003eCody Problem 54750\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 307.167px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 307.167px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e involved determining the length of a stream affected by a spill of a contaminant. Any municipalities within that reach would want to know when water from the river would be safe to drink—for example, below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration-line: underline; \"\u003emaximum contaminant level\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 129.9px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 129.9px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e (MCL). As in CP 54750, the spill of mass \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eM\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 23.3417px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 23.3417px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e will be assumed instantaneous at position \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"36.5\" height=\"18\" alt=\"x = 0\" style=\"width: 36.5px; height: 18px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 30.725px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 30.725px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e and time \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEMAAAAkCAYAAADSO4eRAAACtklEQVRoQ+1YPUsdQRT1/QAJif6CGLuAKZSAaKuStAG1SyH4QZogKGqtYMoUxuQPJAEtExTBRhs/igQskxSpo6J/QM+RO8+7+2Z2Z7Lre/qchcuws/fenXvmzL0zU2mJTxWBSsTiGoEIhmJDBCOCYU8OkRn3iBl9iLVX4v2Ldgty7CoazcqMFwj4PeQU8laCf4N2ADIH+WgDpBnBGEGgnyGHkKEUEzbwPghZgiykAWk2MB4LCA/RvoR8TwXM77+l7xnan/q7LxiLYlSDpmv9Nah/Bf+dlOXR6cgPB+jvFtB6QsEwtBuF4ZcGBenz2zYo/RPFTVkiNjtO7Lx86ED7xyjlMWMGisui3O5A2meg9dAxk8Z/WXOCDELrTaCvmkxdYNBgWuhEH1xnn8TZmkazHlF6/kNPXCLIlD3L7Y70fUXLWK8eGxhMMq8gDyCGTqTdtti8Cxicp6pTjXsD36VpKgWd+YLBSX6SBYb5xlr9TV760e4GRnYRqG9TT8xcjj8NRlZ+64KfH+KL+5BHPmCYREMDV2bOGh9pW/Q5goN0eXT51GDUlM2UkZkobzB+wQGzbcjsFA2+iL0Gw7bHML71XsMLDG2Qtf6KDL5sW+aWYXFaas7Q5SePcmUH9b/+bqSacDBmJ5fItoGjLCNnhFQTnfBnMVZX1XPqufYZJ3DG/f0HyFQgCEa93tVE70Cz8pxmUKJK2sDQpceUKPYlDjUeAJXBjJBqohmdVQGDzibj8LoqwbKatEK4Jedx+LY/IafWmr2TjRkmK/M+YAyyDnkOcd4Q3TKEsu4zTGze9xm6XjOBvoaE7j4bjQ8BYRHYh/DG6xzCmy6WXmdydeUM3gadQXgouyuMSE8AEyoZ/VQ+MP/sZcWTd4Rv9AzX9f8RDAV3BCOCYV99kRmRGZEZuZUpLpO4TOwkuQRnmo0l4jm74gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\" width=\"33.5\" height=\"18\" alt=\"t = 0\" style=\"width: 33.5px; height: 18px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 34.2333px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 34.2333px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e and mixed\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 104.625px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 104.625px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e over the cross section (with area \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eA\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 62.6083px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 62.6083px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e). Then if the flow is steady and the geometry of the flow does not change downstream, the concentration can be computed with \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 40px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 20px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 20px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-17px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"204.5\" height=\"40\" alt=\"C = (M/(A sqrt(4 pi K t)) exp(-(x-Ut)^2/(4Kt))\" style=\"width: 204.5px; height: 40px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 21.0083px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 21.0083px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ewhere \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"61.5\" height=\"18.5\" alt=\"U = Q/A\" style=\"width: 61.5px; height: 18.5px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 101.892px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 101.892px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the mean velocity of the river, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eQ\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 138.858px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 138.858px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the discharge or volumetric flow rate, and \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eK\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 48.625px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 48.625px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is a dispersion coefficient, which describes spreading by several mechanisms. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 84.45px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 42.225px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 42.225px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 376.758px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 376.758px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWrite a function that returns the dates and times (given as datetimes) between which the water is unsafe to drink (i.e., the concentration exceeds the MCL) at position \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003ex\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 218.967px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 218.967px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e downstream of the spill. Round the times to the nearest second. If the concentration does not exceed the MCL, return \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 103.95px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 103.95px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 103.95px 8.25px; transform-origin: 103.95px 8.25px; \"\u003e'The MCL is not exceeded.' \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 132.242px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 132.242px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ePlease note that the MCL is given in mg/L, whereas other variables are given in SI units. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 22.95px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 22.95px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eDetails\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 322.725px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 322.725px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eMany empirical formulas are available for the dispersion coefficient. For this problem, use the formula of \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%290733-9429%281998%29124%3A1%2825%29\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration-line: underline; \"\u003eSeo and Cheong (1998)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 44.1333px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 22.0667px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 22.0667px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-17px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"190.5\" height=\"44\" alt=\"K = 5.915u*H(B/H)^0.62(U/u*)^1.428\" style=\"width: 190.5px; height: 44px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 63.8167px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 31.9083px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 31.9083px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 21.0083px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 21.0083px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ewhere \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eB\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 174.65px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 174.65px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the width of the channel (assumed rectangular here), \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eH\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 74.675px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 74.675px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the water depth, and \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-6px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAB8AAAAoCAYAAAAG0SEsAAACEElEQVRYR+1Vuy5EURSd+QLxKEXhUWvokGgQWoKaxKOQUHiFSjwbnUehI/gBIQoFEQkFPeIHROIHWGuy9+Q4c++5c8y9M809ycrOedy1z157n32zmQqObAV9Z1LnFVE/lT2VvawKpAVXVrnVWZTsHThYD3wDF9YN+zGfkbVp2HffCIKc14JkDFgEqoVwEvbQIj/DfBj4Amp8HfO8K/J17C8LaZMVWSPmb7K3D8vIvYfL+SXYesVJs8U8gfmBrI3CUgXv4XL+44jsFXtUg8NWpehLhDlnod0KywCsWWwjmJ/KHqW3VSnZ+TwYtoWlDvbTYDSj/ne+yRcWueb7Cmf6DMfM9Sagr8BWpeioXc413ws4tCOMrbA3AItrKkSVkp2b+e4E2x3At081ZoFdoA14Atplrwo2liaj+Tabxx7IP0QFU5UjrJ0AVOjFCpsd8BjoDtjLHQ3KuXYuVnIPsCGkrHJTFb7vLiG2ux8/0Veh6hWkxOVcD5sVzbw/Gyzn4kSXtCuyHV9Lalpg1wDWyZ+GFNbbB4WNBHYuGVEDcA+wHszBy/FF8MwWMAQ8AqwN2lUg/2yj/moFUnksaPqCfko5mridM/IlgLVCOy4Rc84UsUDzSsbtXJsQHT8ArA92yDmAf8g/xRe3czMr+ufzqnaPtDqP8lmuAEE9IJGce108SdkjL5I6j5QoiQOp7EmoGsn5C7cMXymLIre/AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" width=\"15.5\" height=\"20\" alt=\"u*\" style=\"width: 15.5px; height: 20px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 86.6083px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 86.6083px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the shear velocity, which is related to the shear stress on the wetted perimeter of the channel. In steady uniform flow, the component of the fluid’s weight down the slope will balance the friction on the channel bed, and the shear velocity can be computed as\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21.8167px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.9083px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.9083px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-6px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"90\" height=\"21\" alt=\"u* = sqrt(gRS0)\" style=\"width: 90px; height: 21px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42.8167px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21.4083px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21.4083px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 21.0083px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 21.0083px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ewhere \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"87.5\" height=\"19.5\" alt=\"g = 9.81 m/s^2\" style=\"width: 87.5px; height: 19.5px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 101.917px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 101.917px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the gravitational acceleration, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-6px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"15.5\" height=\"20\" alt=\"S0\" style=\"width: 15.5px; height: 20px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 124.483px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 124.483px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the longitudinal slope of the channel, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAHYAAAAlCAYAAACXvR1IAAAFB0lEQVR4Xu1aOasUQRB+7xeIRyziESuoCKKJgYqGCiqYKZ6pt4beiqEXmgkqGgmKJiaKIBooCAYegbHnL9Dvk6lHbb3p6erZnn27Sw8Ub99OT1dXfVXVX9fs5ES5xtIDk2NpVTFqogA7pkFQgJ0ZYBdC7R/Ij67UF2C78mzzvE9x+znkYlfqC7BdeTY8L7P1C2QR5GtX6j3AroHy1Y4FfMCYJ45xozhkLha9C3I7Q/ncizl2Q1YGHEHgtzqcRH+/Dq3HAyx1LIXcgqxQCt/i8wPILMh+yGzIL8g1yEnHwkZpyBEs9gJkc4bg/Yw5LkFuNDiA4B6q/CrDmOU3q3/24C8znhf9fRnSk/1eYDmBGMfPBHCOWhgjmvuGAE9lB0YJuYiTGcQM3H0RQGImM0HeVaDEyjAr5Qs1oS3dVxXwXN9GyBQZSwH2DB48USm6j7/bjRWb8P9j9d0yfH4fs3QE7t/DGrdV6+w3YOlDAmR9V+cGjrlb3WC2LjaDmEzf1Xc9QZcCLEuIpH8ocv8qRTvwmU4Z5ctmDTMjtDd67KQPTzn9ojMyFFCskhsqxWfxd2oL9AIrTE4WH2J0Gtgc+5HHWV2OIRAEUzKWW9ASSJvzJyvanYTndSKFkkQD21NFvcDGygKda0txp3S+SzSruclez1VA6JLX1i5mIC8P9/AmUt8ZGysLljz1lIUBgJBbBe35BDkOIXvVDmxTiWS+nZjLcyRkUF2vjAqVf7vHrsX4l+IIb8b+xANkhbysYYwulgFhxHXEqsnx3nNbDLxX2rDY4Mh9BjL3UtlPdWAfxfepHSNWvNMQS4BCy9CELZQkmsw+w0RkxVOXB1ih6PIQFbHPyfPregUoI4tn3abzWZ0hlqC0xaTfo4joFXt1AOujXhtmTKDIbL3n+xhX0evhvKsgPfu+B1hdFuSQvA4TCRtjtHDfiJ3LQoDlyliuI8fximX3N0QfSXTwpTJj2S+9xz8b6JJI9N+CKpm4z0sz6IoFlQM9wOr9RbJCK6+NmLZpN8PPCUm0IGgyk8qMYy1Ea7IusVIFWR3l+oYPH2NB7AFWlwVtsIeOzzBOSepJRth7JXBsldqLLUW5UpjxGzyUskVxvPCVNvv5/zXGgNWZaduIus6nEqYkjw9oMO05Bjkf0Kf7s15mnNJCpFrLdL3le9qSY8A2tRG9Z60YLrn22H5YsdjSRMDaMOOUFiL9pPsFNpFifuy5HwNWl4U6o+v236QFYPAwsGKyVjJ8/WLD2tGGGae0EKkv1i9w+7YJWFsW6vYVHWGpbFEWmStj27JiCazYcUl31jy2yvh5MNTbgtT9gr567U3AetqI0lGR5kXrPcEdivkHsioxaJuylVot34j1jFNaiJzf9gtSCFrSHmvf94Xeauhxo9ZKlDO6Z93W8bEgZvZ5W4gERpd6T0VoDPFQxuqmBCfgWXULpK4BYPdIL2PMn3tpM2obp7XkaqbSjuftppMAqx0DPlYFRA19+AgilY/EKSUoXBlLA0IXD8d171jtM6Fxaa7vbnTod1wPodJ20GK/+ap7JqWFyCCYHzC1tR9jrLg7147vzEI6Y6W6Uw8UYPO7lyX+MMT7Jif/CjBjATa/W1NbiPlXUIDN7tOB/Bjcs+qSsR4v+cewhbgc0vPS2/94vpEF2Hy+5EypLcS82tVsBdi8ruUx5yDE20LMq70A25k/h2bikrFDA0XehRRg8/pzaGb7BzK8JjU2QJycAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" width=\"59\" height=\"18.5\" alt=\"R = A/P\" style=\"width: 59px; height: 18.5px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 50.5667px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 50.5667px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the hydraulic radius, and \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eP\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 159.858px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 159.858px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the wetted perimeter. For a rectangular channel, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"78\" height=\"18\" alt=\"P = B + 2H\" style=\"width: 78px; height: 18px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 3.88333px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 3.88333px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 63px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 31.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 31.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 384px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 384px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn addition to assuming steady uniform flow and an unchanging channel, ignore any reaction, decay, or loss of the chemical; this assumption provides a conservative estimate of the time range. In practice, one would include a factor of safety that accounts for uncertainty in the parameters. Nevertheless, the calculations here would form a basis for the advice to the city. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.00833px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 1.00833px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function t = spillAlert(x,t0,M,Q,B,H,S0,MCL)\r\n% See the tests for the definitions of the variables and note that the MCL is given in mg/L.\r\n  t = datetime(x*B*H/Q);\r\nend","test_suite":"%% Benzene\r\nx = 80000;                          %  Distance from spill to water intake (m)\r\nt0 = datetime(2018,5,26,10,0,0);    %  Datetime for spill\r\nM = 26000;                          %  Mass of spill (kg)\r\nQ = 5.1;                            %  Discharge (m3/s)\r\nB = 10;                             %  Width of channel (m)\r\nH = 0.8;                            %  Depth of channel (m)\r\nS0 = 1.5e-4;                        %  Longitudinal slope of channel\r\nMCL = 0.005;                        %  Maximum contaminant level (mg/L) \r\nt = spillAlert(x,t0,M,Q,B,H,S0,MCL);\r\nt_correct = datetime([2018 05 27 14 08 05; 2018 05 28 05 06 05])';\r\nassert(isequal(t,t_correct))\r\n\r\n%% Chlorobenzene\r\nx = 79500;                          %  Distance from spill to water intake (m)\r\nt0 = datetime(2018,5,26,10,0,0);    %  Datetime for spill\r\nM = 34000;                          %  Mass of spill (kg)\r\nQ = 5.1;                            %  Discharge (m3/s)\r\nB = 10;                             %  Width of channel (m)\r\nH = 0.8;                            %  Depth of channel (m)\r\nS0 = 1.5e-4;                        %  Longitudinal slope of channel\r\nMCL = 0.1;                          %  Maximum contaminant level (mg/L) \r\nt = spillAlert(x,t0,M,Q,B,H,S0,MCL);\r\nt_correct = datetime([2018 05 27 14 43 39; 2018 05 28 03 41 07])';\r\nassert(isequal(t,t_correct))\r\n\r\n%% Atrazine\r\nx = 14300;                          %  Distance from spill to water intake (m)\r\nt0 = datetime(2020,7,3,16,35,0);    %  Datetime for spill\r\nM = 5600;                           %  Mass of spill (kg)\r\nQ = 3.8;                            %  Discharge (m3/s)\r\nB = 32;                             %  Width of channel (m)\r\nH = 0.4;                            %  Depth of channel (m)\r\nS0 = 6e-4;                          %  Longitudinal slope of channel\r\nMCL = 0.003;                        %  Maximum contaminant level (mg/L) \r\nt = spillAlert(x,t0,M,Q,B,H,S0,MCL);\r\nt_correct = datetime([2020 07 04 00 51 03; 2020 07 04 14 00 39])';\r\nassert(isequal(t,t_correct))\r\n\r\n%% Dalapon\r\nx = 4200;                           %  Distance from spill to water intake (m)\r\nt0 = datetime(2019,6,13,14,23,0);   %  Datetime for spill\r\nM = 3000;                           %  Mass of spill (kg)\r\nQ = 3.8;                            %  Discharge (m3/s)\r\nB = 15;                             %  Width of channel (m)\r\nH = 0.6;                            %  Depth of channel (m)\r\nS0 = 3.2e-4;                        %  Longitudinal slope of channel\r\nMCL = 0.2;                          %  Maximum contaminant level (mg/L) \r\nt = spillAlert(x,t0,M,Q,B,H,S0,MCL);\r\nt_correct = datetime([2019 06 13 15 47 17; 2019 06 13 19 39 06])';\r\nassert(isequal(t,t_correct))\r\n\r\n%% Glyphosate 1\r\nx = 9400;                           %  Distance from spill to water intake (m)\r\nt0 = datetime(2015,5,11,20,12,00);  %  Datetime for spill\r\nM = 300;                            %  Mass of spill (kg)\r\nQ = 23;                             %  Discharge (m3/s)\r\nB = 28;                             %  Width of channel (m)\r\nH = 1.1;                            %  Depth of channel (m)\r\nS0 = 3.2e-4;                        %  Longitudinal slope of channel\r\nMCL = 0.7;                          %  Maximum contaminant level (mg/L) \r\nt = spillAlert(x,t0,M,Q,B,H,S0,MCL);\r\nt_correct = datetime([2015 5 11 22 49 08; 2015 5 12 0 43 38])';\r\nassert(isequal(t,t_correct))\r\n\r\n%% Glyphosate 1\r\nx = 9400;                           %  Distance from spill to water intake (m)\r\nt0 = datetime(2015,5,11,20,12,00);  %  Datetime for spill\r\nM = 300;                            %  Mass of spill (kg)\r\nQ = 23;                             %  Discharge (m3/s)\r\nB = 28;                             %  Width of channel (m)\r\nH = 1.1;                            %  Depth of channel (m)\r\nS0 = 3.2e-4;                        %  Longitudinal slope of channel\r\nMCL = 0.7;                          %  Maximum contaminant level (mg/L) \r\nt = spillAlert(x,t0,M,Q,B,H,S0,MCL);\r\nt_correct = datetime([2015 5 11 22 49 08; 2015 5 12 0 43 38])';\r\nassert(isequal(t,t_correct))\r\n\r\n%% Glyphosate 2\r\nx = 9400;                           %  Distance from spill to water intake (m)\r\nt0 = datetime(2015,5,11,20,12,00);  %  Datetime for spill\r\nM = 80;                             %  Mass of spill (kg)\r\nQ = 23;                             %  Discharge (m3/s)\r\nB = 28;                             %  Width of channel (m)\r\nH = 1.1;                            %  Depth of channel (m)\r\nS0 = 3.2e-4;                        %  Longitudinal slope of channel\r\nMCL = 0.7;                          %  Maximum contaminant level (mg/L) \r\nt = spillAlert(x,t0,M,Q,B,H,S0,MCL);\r\nt_correct = 'The MCL is not exceeded.';\r\nassert(isequal(t,t_correct))\r\n\r\n%% Glyphosate 3\r\nx = 94000;                          %  Distance from spill to water intake (m)\r\nt0 = datetime(2015,5,11,20,12,00);  %  Datetime for spill\r\nM = 300;                            %  Mass of spill (kg)\r\nQ = 37;                             %  Discharge (m3/s)\r\nB = 28;                             %  Width of channel (m)\r\nH = 1.1;                            %  Depth of channel (m)\r\nS0 = 3.2e-4;                        %  Longitudinal slope of channel\r\nMCL = 0.7;                          %  Maximum contaminant level (mg/L) \r\nt = spillAlert(x,t0,M,Q,B,H,S0,MCL);\r\nt_correct = 'The MCL is not exceeded.';\r\nassert(isequal(t,t_correct))\r\n\r\n%% Nitrate \r\nx = 1600;                           %  Distance from spill to water intake (m)\r\nt0 = datetime(2024,4,30,15,20,00);  %  Datetime for spill\r\nM = 140;                            %  Mass of spill (kg)\r\nQ = 14;                             %  Discharge (m3/s)\r\nB = 14;                             %  Width of channel (m)\r\nH = 0.6;                            %  Depth of channel (m)\r\nS0 = 5e-4;                          %  Longitudinal slope of channel\r\nMCL = 10;                           %  Maximum contaminant level (mg/L) \r\nt = spillAlert(x,t0,M,Q,B,H,S0,MCL);\r\nt_correct = datetime([2024 4 30 15 32 22; 2024 4 30 15 38 03])';\r\nassert(isequal(t,t_correct))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":2,"comments_count":1,"created_by":46909,"edited_by":46909,"edited_at":"2024-05-28T15:13:28.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":4,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2024-05-27T17:17:23.000Z","updated_at":"2026-01-25T17:02:57.000Z","published_at":"2024-05-27T17:22:34.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eProblem statement\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/54750\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:u/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCody Problem 54750\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e involved determining the length of a stream affected by a spill of a contaminant. Any municipalities within that reach would want to know when water from the river would be safe to drink—for example, below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:u/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003emaximum contaminant level\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (MCL). As in CP 54750, the spill of mass \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"M\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eM\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e will be assumed instantaneous at position \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"x = 0\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ex = 0\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and time \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"t = 0\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003et = 0\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and mixed\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e over the cross section (with area \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"A\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e). Then if the flow is steady and the geometry of the flow does not change downstream, the concentration can be computed with \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"true\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"C = (M/(A sqrt(4 pi K t)) exp(-(x-Ut)^2/(4Kt))\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eC = \\\\frac{M}{A\\\\sqrt{4\\\\pi K t}} \\\\exp\\\\left(-\\\\frac{(x-U t)^2}{4 K t}\\\\right)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewhere \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"U = Q/A\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eU = Q/A\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the mean velocity of the river, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"Q\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eQ\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the discharge or volumetric flow rate, and \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"K\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eK\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is a dispersion coefficient, which describes spreading by several mechanisms. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWrite a function that returns the dates and times (given as datetimes) between which the water is unsafe to drink (i.e., the concentration exceeds the MCL) at position \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ex\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e downstream of the spill. Round the times to the nearest second. If the concentration does not exceed the MCL, return \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e'The MCL is not exceeded.' \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ePlease note that the MCL is given in mg/L, whereas other variables are given in SI units. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eDetails\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eMany empirical formulas are available for the dispersion coefficient. For this problem, use the formula of \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%290733-9429%281998%29124%3A1%2825%29\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:u/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSeo and Cheong (1998)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"true\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"K = 5.915u*H(B/H)^0.62(U/u*)^1.428\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eK = 5.915u_*H\\\\left(\\\\frac{B}{H}\\\\right)^{\\\\!\\\\!0.62}\\\\left(\\\\frac{U}{u_*}\\\\right)^{\\\\!\\\\!1.428}\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewhere \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"B\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eB\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the width of the channel (assumed rectangular here), \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"H\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eH\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the water depth, and \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"u*\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eu_*\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the shear velocity, which is related to the shear stress on the wetted perimeter of the channel. In steady uniform flow, the component of the fluid’s weight down the slope will balance the friction on the channel bed, and the shear velocity can be computed as\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"true\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"u* = sqrt(gRS0)\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eu_* = (g R S_0)^{1/2}\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewhere \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"g = 9.81 m/s^2\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eg = 9.81\\\\,\\\\rm{m/s^2}\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the gravitational acceleration, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"S0\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eS_0\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the longitudinal slope of the channel, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"R = A/P\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eR = A/P\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the hydraulic radius, and \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"P\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eP\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the wetted perimeter. For a rectangular channel, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"P = B + 2H\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eP = B + 2H\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn addition to assuming steady uniform flow and an unchanging channel, ignore any reaction, decay, or loss of the chemical; this assumption provides a conservative estimate of the time range. In practice, one would include a factor of safety that accounts for uncertainty in the parameters. Nevertheless, the calculations here would form a basis for the advice to the city. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":60749,"title":"Compute the dispersion coefficient","description":"A contaminant dumped or spilled into a river will move downstream with the flow, but it will also spread in the flow direction because of several mechanisms. One of these mechanisms is shear dispersion: the spreading results because the velocity varies across the cross section, and parcels of the contaminant sample different velocities as eddies transport them across the cross section.\r\nG.I. Taylor showed that the concentration averaged over the cross section evolves according to an advection-diffusion equation, and the dispersion coefficient can be computed with \r\n\r\nwhere  is the width of the stream,  is the transverse mixing coefficient, and  is the deviation of the velocity profile from the cross-sectional average velocity\r\n\r\nWrite a function that takes a (normalized) velocity profile  specified at several points and computes the quantity \r\n","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 375px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 187.5px; transform-origin: 407px 187.5px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 84px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 42px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 42px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eA contaminant dumped or spilled into a river will move downstream with the flow, but it will also spread in the flow direction because of several mechanisms. One of these mechanisms is shear dispersion: the spreading results because the velocity varies across the cross section, and parcels of the contaminant sample different velocities as eddies transport them across the cross section.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eG.I. Taylor showed that the concentration averaged over the cross section evolves according to an advection-diffusion equation, and the dispersion coefficient can be computed with \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 44px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 22px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 22px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-17px\"\u003e\u003cimg 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\" width=\"240\" height=\"44\" alt=\"K = -(1/hD) integral(u' integral(integral(u'(y2),0\u003c=y2\u003c=y1),0\u003c=y1\u003c=y),0\u003c=y\u003c=h)\" style=\"width: 240px; height: 44px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ewhere \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: STIXGeneral, STIXGeneral-webfont, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eh\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the width of the stream, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: STIXGeneral, STIXGeneral-webfont, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eD\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the transverse mixing coefficient, and \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"64\" height=\"19\" alt=\"u' = u - bar(u)\" style=\"width: 64px; height: 19px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the deviation of the velocity profile from the cross-sectional average velocity\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 44px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 22px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 22px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-17px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"103\" height=\"44\" alt=\"ubar = (1/h) integral(u(y),0\u003c=y\u003c=h)\" style=\"width: 103px; height: 44px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWrite a function that takes a (normalized) velocity profile \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"30\" height=\"18\" alt=\"u(y)\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 18px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e specified at several points and computes the quantity \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 44px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 22px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 22px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-17px\"\u003e\u003cimg 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\" width=\"215\" height=\"44\" alt=\"I = -integral(u' integral(integral(u'(y2),0\u003c=y2\u003c=y1),0\u003c=y1\u003c=y),0\u003c=y\u003c=h)\" style=\"width: 215px; height: 44px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function I = computeK(y,u)\r\n  I = -integral(u'*integral(integral(u',0,y1),0,y),0,h);\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nny = 1000;\r\ny = linspace(0,1,ny);\r\nu = y.*(1-y);\r\nI = computeK(y,u);\r\nI_correct = 1/7560;\r\nassert(abs(I-I_correct)/I_correct \u003c 1e-6);\r\n\r\n%%\r\nny = 10000;\r\ny = linspace(0,1,ny);\r\nu = 2*y;\r\nu(y\u003e1/2) = 2*(1-y(y\u003e1/2));\r\nI = computeK(y,u);\r\nI_correct = 1/480;\r\nassert(abs(I-I_correct)/I_correct \u003c 1e-6);\r\n\r\n%%\r\nny = 10000;\r\ny = linspace(0,1,ny);\r\nu = sin(pi*y);\r\nI = computeK(y,u);\r\nI_correct = 5/(6*pi^2)-8/pi^4;\r\nassert(abs(I-I_correct)/I_correct \u003c 1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nny = 10000;\r\ny = linspace(0,1,ny);\r\nu = sin(pi*y);\r\nI = computeK(y,u);\r\nI_correct = 5/(6*pi^2)-8/pi^4;\r\nassert(abs(I-I_correct)/I_correct \u003c 1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nny = 10000;\r\ny = linspace(0,1,ny);\r\nu = sin(pi*y);\r\nI = computeK(y,u);\r\nI_correct = 5/(6*pi^2)-8/pi^4;\r\nassert(abs(I-I_correct)/I_correct \u003c 1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nny = 10000;\r\na = 2.5; \r\nb = 2.5;\r\ny = linspace(0,1,ny);\r\nu = gamma(a+b)*y.^(a-1).*(1-y).^(b-1)/(gamma(a)*gamma(b));\r\nI = computeK(y,u);\r\nI_correct = 0.00788915;\r\nassert(abs(I-I_correct)/I_correct \u003c 1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nny = 10000;\r\na = 2.5; \r\nb = 3;\r\ny = linspace(0,1,ny);\r\nu = gamma(a+b)*y.^(a-1).*(1-y).^(b-1)/(gamma(a)*gamma(b));\r\nI = computeK(y,u);\r\nI_correct = 0.01168232;\r\nassert(abs(I-I_correct)/I_correct \u003c 1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nny = 10000;\r\na = 3.2; \r\nb = 3.2;\r\ny = linspace(0,1,ny);\r\nu = gamma(a+b)*y.^(a-1).*(1-y).^(b-1)/(gamma(a)*gamma(b));\r\nI = computeK(y,u);\r\nI_correct = 0.01192484;\r\nassert(abs(I-I_correct)/I_correct \u003c 1e-6)","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":46909,"edited_by":46909,"edited_at":"2024-10-16T01:19:16.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":4,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2024-10-16T01:18:30.000Z","updated_at":"2024-10-27T15:58:26.000Z","published_at":"2024-10-16T01:19:16.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA contaminant dumped or spilled into a river will move downstream with the flow, but it will also spread in the flow direction because of several mechanisms. One of these mechanisms is shear dispersion: the spreading results because the velocity varies across the cross section, and parcels of the contaminant sample different velocities as eddies transport them across the cross section.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eG.I. Taylor showed that the concentration averaged over the cross section evolves according to an advection-diffusion equation, and the dispersion coefficient can be computed with \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"true\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"K = -(1/hD) integral(u' integral(integral(u'(y2),0\u0026lt;=y2\u0026lt;=y1),0\u0026lt;=y1\u0026lt;=y),0\u0026lt;=y\u0026lt;=h)\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eK = -\\\\frac{1}{hD}\\\\int_0^h u^\\\\prime \\\\int_0^y \\\\int_0^{y_1} u^\\\\prime(y_2) dy_2 dy_1 dy\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewhere \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"h\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eh\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the width of the stream, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"D\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eD\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the transverse mixing coefficient, and \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"u' = u - bar(u)\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eu^\\\\prime = u-{\\\\bar u}\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the deviation of the velocity profile from the cross-sectional average velocity\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"true\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"ubar = (1/h) integral(u(y),0\u0026lt;=y\u0026lt;=h)\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e{\\\\bar u} = \\\\frac{1}{h} \\\\int_0^h u(y) dy\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWrite a function that takes a (normalized) velocity profile \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"u(y)\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eu(y)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e specified at several points and computes the quantity \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"true\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"I = -integral(u' integral(integral(u'(y2),0\u0026lt;=y2\u0026lt;=y1),0\u0026lt;=y1\u0026lt;=y),0\u0026lt;=y\u0026lt;=h)\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eI = -\\\\int_0^h u^\\\\prime \\\\int_0^y \\\\int_0^{y_1} u^\\\\prime(y_2) dy_2 dy_1 dy\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":54750,"title":"Find the length of stream affected by a spill","description":"When a contaminant is spilled into a stream, one might want to know how much of the stream is affected—e.g., the length over which the concentration exceeds a specified threshold. The concentration  is often computed as a function of time  and distance  from the spill using the advection-dispersion equation:\r\n\r\nwhere  is the mean velocity of the river and  is a dispersion coefficient, which describes spreading by several mechanisms. For an instantaneous spill of mass  mixed over the cross section (with area ) at , the concentration can be shown—using some of the math needed for Cody Problem 51625—to be\r\n\r\nWrite a function to compute the length of stream affected by the spill. In other words, find the position  (say) beyond which the concentration never exceeds a threshold . ","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.4333px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 282.7px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 141.35px; transform-origin: 407px 141.35px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 63px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 31.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 31.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 378.317px 8px; transform-origin: 378.317px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWhen a contaminant is spilled into a stream, one might want to know how much of the stream is affected—e.g., the length over which the concentration exceeds a specified threshold. The concentration \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eC\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 123.675px 8px; transform-origin: 123.675px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is often computed as a function of time \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003et\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e and distance \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003ex\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 168.833px 8px; transform-origin: 168.833px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e from the spill using the advection-dispersion equation:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 36.6px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 18.3px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 18.3px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-16px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" alt=\"dC/dt + U dC/dx = K d^2C/dx^2\" style=\"width: 126.5px; height: 36.5px;\" width=\"126.5\" height=\"36.5\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 63px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 31.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 31.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 21.0083px 8px; transform-origin: 21.0083px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ewhere \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eU\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 113.958px 8px; transform-origin: 113.958px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the mean velocity of the river and \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eK\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 202.158px 8px; transform-origin: 202.158px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is a dispersion coefficient, which describes spreading by several mechanisms. For an instantaneous spill of mass \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eM\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 125.242px 8px; transform-origin: 125.242px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e mixed over the cross section (with area \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eA\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 12.05px 8px; transform-origin: 12.05px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e) at \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" alt=\"x = 0\" style=\"width: 36.5px; height: 18px;\" width=\"36.5\" height=\"18\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 59.5083px 8px; transform-origin: 59.5083px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, the concentration can be shown—using some of the math needed for \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/51625\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration-line: underline; \"\u003eCody Problem 51625\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 22.5583px 8px; transform-origin: 22.5583px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e—to be\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 40.1px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 20.05px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 20.05px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-17px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" alt=\"C = (M/(A sqrt(4 pi K t))) exp(-(x-U t)^2/(4 K t))\" style=\"width: 204.5px; height: 40px;\" width=\"204.5\" height=\"40\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 44px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 22px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 22px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 313.617px 8px; transform-origin: 313.617px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWrite a function to compute the length of stream affected by the spill. In other words, find the position \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-6px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" alt=\"x = L_a\" style=\"width: 42.5px; height: 20px;\" width=\"42.5\" height=\"20\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 44.3417px 8px; transform-origin: 44.3417px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e (say) beyond which the concentration never exceeds a threshold \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-6px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" alt=\"C = C_t\" style=\"width: 46px; height: 20px;\" width=\"46\" height=\"20\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 3.88333px 8px; transform-origin: 3.88333px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function La = affectedReach(U,K,M,A,Ct)\r\n% La = length of affected reach of stream [L]\r\n% U  = mean velocity [L/T]\r\n% K  = dispersion coefficient [L^2/T]\r\n% M  = mass of contaminant [M]\r\n% A  = cross-sectional area (L^2)\r\n% Ct = threshold concentration (M/L^3)\r\n\r\n  La = M/(Ct*A);\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nM = 100;                    %  Mass (kg)\r\nA = 30;                     %  Cross-sectional area (m2)\r\nU = 0.3;                    %  Mean velocity (m/s)\r\nK = 2;                      %  Dispersion coefficient (m2/s)\r\nCt = 0.01;                  %  Target concentration (kg/m3)\r\nLa_correct = 1329.62;       %  Length of affected reach (m)\r\nassert(abs(affectedReach(U,K,M,A,Ct)-La_correct)\u003c1e-2)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nM = 50;                     %  Mass (kg)\r\nA = 15;                     %  Cross-sectional area (m2)\r\nU = 0.25;                   %  Mean velocity (m/s)\r\nK = 8.4;                    %  Dispersion coefficient (m2/s)\r\nCt = 0.001;                 %  Target concentration (kg/m3)\r\nLa_correct = 26332.1;       %  Length of affected reach (m)\r\nassert(abs(affectedReach(U,K,M,A,Ct)-La_correct)\u003c1e-2)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nM = 15;                     %  Mass (kg)\r\nA = 25;                     %  Cross-sectional area (m2)\r\nU = 0.25;                   %  Mean velocity (m/s)\r\nK = 11;                     %  Dispersion coefficient (m2/s)\r\nCt = 0.003;                 %  Target concentration (kg/m3)\r\nLa_correct = 91.59;         %  Length of affected reach (m)\r\nassert(abs(affectedReach(U,K,M,A,Ct)-La_correct)\u003c1e-2)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nM = 15;                     %  Mass (kg)\r\nA = 25;                     %  Cross-sectional area (m2)\r\nU = 0.25;                   %  Mean velocity (m/s)\r\nK = 11;                     %  Dispersion coefficient (m2/s)\r\nCt = 3e-4;                  %  Target concentration (kg/m3)\r\nLa_correct = 7256.28;       %  Length of affected reach (m)\r\nassert(abs(affectedReach(U,K,M,A,Ct)-La_correct)\u003c1e-2)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nM = 70;                     %  Mass (kg)\r\nA = 21;                     %  Cross-sectional area (m2)\r\nU = 0.15;                   %  Mean velocity (m/s)\r\nK = 1;                      %  Dispersion coefficient (m2/s)\r\nCt = 0.01;                  %  Target concentration (kg/m3)\r\nLa_correct = 1329.62;       %  Length of affected reach (m)\r\nassert(abs(affectedReach(U,K,M,A,Ct)-La_correct)\u003c1e-2)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nM = 280;                    %  Mass (kg)\r\nA = 21;                     %  Cross-sectional area (m2)\r\nU = 0.54;                   %  Mean velocity (m/s)\r\nK = 3.7;                    %  Dispersion coefficient (m2/s)\r\nCt = 0.007;                 %  Target concentration (kg/m3)\r\nLa_correct = 42140.42;      %  Length of affected reach (m)\r\nassert(abs(affectedReach(U,K,M,A,Ct)-La_correct)\u003c1e-2)\r\n\r\n%% Approximately plug flow\r\nM = 5*rand;                 %  Mass (kg)\r\nA = 40;                     %  Cross-sectional area (m2)\r\nU = 0.3*(1+rand);           %  Mean velocity (m/s)\r\nK = rand*1e-3;              %  Dispersion coefficient (m2/s)\r\nCt = 0.02*rand;             %  Target concentration (kg/m3)\r\nLa_approx = (U/(4*pi*K))*(M/(Ct*A))^2;\r\nassert(abs(affectedReach(U,K,M,A,Ct)-La_approx)/La_approx\u003c1e-3)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nfiletext = fileread('affectedReach.m');\r\nillegal = contains(filetext, 'assignin') || contains(filetext, 'assert') || contains(filetext,'switch') || contains(filetext,'regexp') || contains(filetext,'if'); \r\nassert(~illegal)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":2,"comments_count":1,"created_by":46909,"edited_by":46909,"edited_at":"2022-06-14T05:04:44.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":4,"test_suite_updated_at":"2022-06-14T05:04:44.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2022-06-14T04:57:20.000Z","updated_at":"2022-06-14T05:04:44.000Z","published_at":"2022-06-14T04:59:16.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWhen a contaminant is spilled into a stream, one might want to know how much of the stream is affected—e.g., the length over which the concentration exceeds a specified threshold. The concentration \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"C\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eC\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is often computed as a function of time \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"t\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003et\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and distance \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"x\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ex\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e from the spill using the advection-dispersion equation:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"true\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"dC/dt + U dC/dx = K d^2C/dx^2\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\\frac{\\\\partial C}{\\\\partial t} + U \\\\frac{\\\\partial C}{\\\\partial x} = K \\\\frac{\\\\partial^2 C}{\\\\partial x^2}\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewhere \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"U\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eU\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the mean velocity of the river and \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"K\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eK\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is a dispersion coefficient, which describes spreading by several mechanisms. For an instantaneous spill of mass \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"M\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eM\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e mixed over the cross section (with area \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"A\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e) at \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"x = 0\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ex = 0\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, the concentration can be shown—using some of the math needed for \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/51625\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:u/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCody Problem 51625\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e—to be\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"true\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"C = (M/(A sqrt(4 pi K t))) exp(-(x-U t)^2/(4 K t))\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eC = \\\\frac{M}{A\\\\sqrt{4\\\\pi K t}} \\\\exp\\\\left(-\\\\frac{(x-U t)^2}{4 K t}\\\\right)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWrite a function to compute the length of stream affected by the spill. In other words, find the position \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"x = L_a\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ex = L_a\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (say) beyond which the concentration never exceeds a threshold \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"C = C_t\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eC = C_t\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"}],"problem_search":{"errors":[],"problems":[{"id":54735,"title":"Solve an ODE: concentrations predicted by the cells-in-series model","description":"One approach for predicting mixing and transport of contaminants in a river is the cells-in-series model. The model divides a river into several well-mixed cells of volume . Then if the discharge (i.e., the volume of water flowing past a cross section per unit time) is  and the first-order decay coefficient (dimensions of time) is , the concentration  in the th cell is given by\r\n\r\nWrite a function to compute the maximum concentration in the th cell and the time it occurs assuming that the concentration in the first cell (i.e., ) is  at time  and no contaminant enters the first cell from upstream.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.4333px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 183.9px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 91.95px; transform-origin: 407px 91.95px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 85px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 42.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 42.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 384px 8px; transform-origin: 384px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eOne approach for predicting mixing and transport of contaminants in a river is the cells-in-series model. The model divides a river into several well-mixed cells of volume \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eV\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 237.25px 8px; transform-origin: 237.25px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e. Then if the discharge (i.e., the volume of water flowing past a cross section per unit time) is \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eQ\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 173.742px 8px; transform-origin: 173.742px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e and the first-order decay coefficient (dimensions of time\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAB4AAAAmCAYAAADTGStiAAAAwUlEQVRYR2NkGCDAOED2MoxaTK2QFwYaFALEa4D4LTZDaRHUEUCLpgGxIBCL0MviVqBFR4F4K9SXdLMYFqr/Ry1GT2C0SFwgO4ZWUIOygxyRGfojUN1MLGrJ8jEoSxgTafE9oLosallMpJ14lZHl41GLSQ0BG6CGw1BNBkD6Ij0qCS+gJTpoFh0D8o/QqwAhGEq0KrlGLcYIgdGgJpgoqKVgNKipFZIEzRkNaoJBRC0Fo0FNrZAkaM5oUBMMImopAACNICMnaBvayAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\" alt=\"^{-1}\" style=\"width: 15px; height: 19px;\" width=\"15\" height=\"19\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 11.275px 8px; transform-origin: 11.275px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e) is \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003ek\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 59.5083px 8px; transform-origin: 59.5083px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, the concentration \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-6px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" alt=\"C_n\" style=\"width: 18px; height: 20px;\" width=\"18\" height=\"20\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 21px 8px; transform-origin: 21px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e in the \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003en\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 27.225px 8px; transform-origin: 27.225px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eth cell is given by\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 37.9px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 18.95px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 18.95px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-15px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" alt=\"V dC_n/dt = Q C_{n-1} - Q C_n - kVC_n\" style=\"width: 170px; height: 38px;\" width=\"170\" height=\"38\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 43px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 193.958px 8px; transform-origin: 193.958px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWrite a function to compute the maximum concentration in the \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003en\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 145.85px 8px; transform-origin: 145.85px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eth cell and the time it occurs assuming that the concentration in the first cell (i.e., \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" alt=\"n = 1\" style=\"width: 36.5px; height: 18px;\" width=\"36.5\" height=\"18\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 11.275px 8px; transform-origin: 11.275px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e) is \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-6px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" alt=\"C_in\" style=\"width: 21px; height: 20px;\" width=\"21\" height=\"20\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 24.8833px 8px; transform-origin: 24.8833px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e at time \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" alt=\"t = 0\" style=\"width: 33.5px; height: 18px;\" width=\"33.5\" height=\"18\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 171.133px 8px; transform-origin: 171.133px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e and no contaminant enters the first cell from upstream.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function [Cm,tm] = CISmax(Cin,Q,V,k,n)\r\n%  Cm  = maximum concentration in the nth cell\r\n%  tm  = time at which the maximum concentration occurs in the nth cell\r\n%  Cin = initial concentration in cell 1\r\n%  Q   = river discharge [L^3/T]\r\n%  V   = volume of a cell [L^3]\r\n%  k   = decay rate [1/T]\r\n%  n   = index of the cell\r\n\r\n   Cm = Cin*exp(-n);\r\n   tm = log(Cin/Cm);\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nCin = 100;                  % mg/L\r\nV = 100;                    % m^3\r\nQ = 10;                     % m^3/s\r\nk = 0.01;                   % 1/s\r\nn = 4;\r\nCm_correct = 16.8325926;    % mg/L\r\ntm_correct = 27.2727273;    % s\r\n[Cm,tm] = CISmax(Cin,Q,V,k,n);\r\nassert(abs(tm-tm_correct)\u003c1e-6 \u0026\u0026 abs(Cm-Cm_correct)\u003c1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nCin = 50;                   % mg/L\r\nV = 1125;                   % m^3\r\nQ = 25;                     % m^3/s\r\nk = 0.001;                  % 1/s\r\nn = [8 23];\r\nCm_correct = [5.4745741 1.6086642];        % mg/L\r\ntm_correct = [301.4354067 947.3684211];    % s\r\n[Cm,tm] = CISmax(Cin,Q,V,k,n);\r\nassert(all(abs(tm-tm_correct)\u003c1e-6) \u0026\u0026 all(abs(Cm-Cm_correct)\u003c1e-6))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nCin = 100*rand();           % mg/L\r\nV = 1000*rand();            % m^3\r\nQ = 70*rand();              % m^3/s\r\nk = 0.03;                   % 1/s\r\nn = 1;\r\nCm_correct = Cin;           % mg/L\r\ntm_correct = 0;             % s\r\n[Cm,tm] = CISmax(Cin,Q,V,k,n);\r\nassert(abs(tm-tm_correct)\u003c1e-6 \u0026\u0026 abs(Cm-Cm_correct)\u003c1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nCin = 42;                   % mg/L\r\nV = 2560;                   % m^3\r\nQ = 180;                    % m^3/s\r\nk = 0.004;                  % 1/s\r\nn = 6;\r\nCm_correct = 5.5885481;     % mg/L\r\ntm_correct = 67.2834315;    % s\r\n[Cm,tm] = CISmax(Cin,Q,V,k,n);\r\nassert(abs(tm-tm_correct)\u003c1e-6 \u0026\u0026 abs(Cm-Cm_correct)\u003c1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nCin = 8;                    % mg/L\r\nV = 3100;                   % m^3\r\nQ = 124;                    % m^3/s\r\nk = 0.006;                  % 1/s\r\nn = 9;\r\nCm_correct = 0.3650487;     % mg/L\r\ntm_correct = 173.9130435;   % s\r\n[Cm,tm] = CISmax(Cin,Q,V,k,n);\r\nassert(abs(tm-tm_correct)\u003c1e-6 \u0026\u0026 abs(Cm-Cm_correct)\u003c1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nCin = 100*rand();           % mg/L\r\nV = 531;                    % m^3\r\nQ = 6;                      % m^3/s\r\nk = 0;                      % 1/s\r\nn = [7 14];\r\nr_correct = 0.6844581;     \r\nCm = CISmax(Cin,Q,V,k,n);\r\nassert(abs(Cm(2)/Cm(1)-r_correct)\u003c1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nfiletext = fileread('CISmax.m');\r\nillegal = contains(filetext, 'assignin') || contains(filetext, 'assert') || contains(filetext,'switch') || contains(filetext,'regexp'); \r\nassert(~illegal)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":1,"comments_count":3,"created_by":46909,"edited_by":46909,"edited_at":"2022-06-11T04:58:19.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":3,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2022-06-11T04:52:21.000Z","updated_at":"2022-06-11T04:58:19.000Z","published_at":"2022-06-11T04:58:19.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eOne approach for predicting mixing and transport of contaminants in a river is the cells-in-series model. The model divides a river into several well-mixed cells of volume \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"V\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eV\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. Then if the discharge (i.e., the volume of water flowing past a cross section per unit time) is \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"Q\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eQ\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and the first-order decay coefficient (dimensions of time\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"^{-1}\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e^{-1}\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e) is \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"k\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ek\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, the concentration \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"C_n\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eC_n\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e in the \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"n\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003en\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eth cell is given by\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"true\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"V dC_n/dt = Q C_{n-1} - Q C_n - kVC_n\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eV\\\\frac{dC_n}{dt} = Q C_{n-1} – Q C_n – k V C_n\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWrite a function to compute the maximum concentration in the \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"n\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003en\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eth cell and the time it occurs assuming that the concentration in the first cell (i.e., \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"n = 1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003en = 1\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e) is \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"C_in\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eC_{in}\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e at time \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"t = 0\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003et = 0\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and no contaminant enters the first cell from upstream.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":60406,"title":"Alert a city about a spill","description":"Problem statement\r\nCody Problem 54750 involved determining the length of a stream affected by a spill of a contaminant. Any municipalities within that reach would want to know when water from the river would be safe to drink—for example, below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s maximum contaminant level (MCL). As in CP 54750, the spill of mass  will be assumed instantaneous at position  and time  and mixed over the cross section (with area ). Then if the flow is steady and the geometry of the flow does not change downstream, the concentration can be computed with  \r\n\r\nwhere  is the mean velocity of the river,  is the discharge or volumetric flow rate, and  is a dispersion coefficient, which describes spreading by several mechanisms. \r\nWrite a function that returns the dates and times (given as datetimes) between which the water is unsafe to drink (i.e., the concentration exceeds the MCL) at position  downstream of the spill. Round the times to the nearest second. If the concentration does not exceed the MCL, return 'The MCL is not exceeded.' Please note that the MCL is given in mg/L, whereas other variables are given in SI units. \r\nDetails\r\nMany empirical formulas are available for the dispersion coefficient. For this problem, use the formula of Seo and Cheong (1998):\r\n\r\nwhere  is the width of the channel (assumed rectangular here),  is the water depth, and  is the shear velocity, which is related to the shear stress on the wetted perimeter of the channel. In steady uniform flow, the component of the fluid’s weight down the slope will balance the friction on the channel bed, and the shear velocity can be computed as\r\n\r\nwhere  is the gravitational acceleration,  is the longitudinal slope of the channel,  is the hydraulic radius, and  is the wetted perimeter. For a rectangular channel, . \r\nIn addition to assuming steady uniform flow and an unchanging channel, ignore any reaction, decay, or loss of the chemical; this assumption provides a conservative estimate of the time range. In practice, one would include a factor of safety that accounts for uncertainty in the parameters. Nevertheless, the calculations here would form a basis for the advice to the city.  ","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.4333px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 690.033px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 345.017px; transform-origin: 407px 345.017px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 63.0083px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 63.0083px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eProblem statement\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 105px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 52.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 52.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/54750\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration-line: underline; \"\u003eCody Problem 54750\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 307.167px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 307.167px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e involved determining the length of a stream affected by a spill of a contaminant. Any municipalities within that reach would want to know when water from the river would be safe to drink—for example, below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration-line: underline; \"\u003emaximum contaminant level\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 129.9px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 129.9px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e (MCL). As in CP 54750, the spill of mass \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eM\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 23.3417px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 23.3417px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e will be assumed instantaneous at position \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"36.5\" height=\"18\" alt=\"x = 0\" style=\"width: 36.5px; height: 18px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 30.725px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 30.725px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e and time \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAEMAAAAkCAYAAADSO4eRAAACtklEQVRoQ+1YPUsdQRT1/QAJif6CGLuAKZSAaKuStAG1SyH4QZogKGqtYMoUxuQPJAEtExTBRhs/igQskxSpo6J/QM+RO8+7+2Z2Z7Lre/qchcuws/fenXvmzL0zU2mJTxWBSsTiGoEIhmJDBCOCYU8OkRn3iBl9iLVX4v2Ldgty7CoazcqMFwj4PeQU8laCf4N2ADIH+WgDpBnBGEGgnyGHkKEUEzbwPghZgiykAWk2MB4LCA/RvoR8TwXM77+l7xnan/q7LxiLYlSDpmv9Nah/Bf+dlOXR6cgPB+jvFtB6QsEwtBuF4ZcGBenz2zYo/RPFTVkiNjtO7Lx86ED7xyjlMWMGisui3O5A2meg9dAxk8Z/WXOCDELrTaCvmkxdYNBgWuhEH1xnn8TZmkazHlF6/kNPXCLIlD3L7Y70fUXLWK8eGxhMMq8gDyCGTqTdtti8Cxicp6pTjXsD36VpKgWd+YLBSX6SBYb5xlr9TV760e4GRnYRqG9TT8xcjj8NRlZ+64KfH+KL+5BHPmCYREMDV2bOGh9pW/Q5goN0eXT51GDUlM2UkZkobzB+wQGzbcjsFA2+iL0Gw7bHML71XsMLDG2Qtf6KDL5sW+aWYXFaas7Q5SePcmUH9b/+bqSacDBmJ5fItoGjLCNnhFQTnfBnMVZX1XPqufYZJ3DG/f0HyFQgCEa93tVE70Cz8pxmUKJK2sDQpceUKPYlDjUeAJXBjJBqohmdVQGDzibj8LoqwbKatEK4Jedx+LY/IafWmr2TjRkmK/M+YAyyDnkOcd4Q3TKEsu4zTGze9xm6XjOBvoaE7j4bjQ8BYRHYh/DG6xzCmy6WXmdydeUM3gadQXgouyuMSE8AEyoZ/VQ+MP/sZcWTd4Rv9AzX9f8RDAV3BCOCYV99kRmRGZEZuZUpLpO4TOwkuQRnmo0l4jm74gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\" width=\"33.5\" height=\"18\" alt=\"t = 0\" style=\"width: 33.5px; height: 18px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 34.2333px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 34.2333px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e and mixed\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 104.625px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 104.625px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e over the cross section (with area \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eA\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 62.6083px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 62.6083px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e). Then if the flow is steady and the geometry of the flow does not change downstream, the concentration can be computed with \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 40px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 20px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 20px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-17px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"204.5\" height=\"40\" alt=\"C = (M/(A sqrt(4 pi K t)) exp(-(x-Ut)^2/(4Kt))\" style=\"width: 204.5px; height: 40px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 21.0083px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 21.0083px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ewhere \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"61.5\" height=\"18.5\" alt=\"U = Q/A\" style=\"width: 61.5px; height: 18.5px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 101.892px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 101.892px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the mean velocity of the river, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eQ\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 138.858px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 138.858px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the discharge or volumetric flow rate, and \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eK\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 48.625px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 48.625px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is a dispersion coefficient, which describes spreading by several mechanisms. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 84.45px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 42.225px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 42.225px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 376.758px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 376.758px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWrite a function that returns the dates and times (given as datetimes) between which the water is unsafe to drink (i.e., the concentration exceeds the MCL) at position \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003ex\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 218.967px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 218.967px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e downstream of the spill. Round the times to the nearest second. If the concentration does not exceed the MCL, return \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 103.95px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 103.95px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, \u0026quot;Courier New\u0026quot;, monospace; perspective-origin: 103.95px 8.25px; transform-origin: 103.95px 8.25px; \"\u003e'The MCL is not exceeded.' \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 132.242px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 132.242px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ePlease note that the MCL is given in mg/L, whereas other variables are given in SI units. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 22.95px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 22.95px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eDetails\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 322.725px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 322.725px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eMany empirical formulas are available for the dispersion coefficient. For this problem, use the formula of \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%290733-9429%281998%29124%3A1%2825%29\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration-line: underline; \"\u003eSeo and Cheong (1998)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 44.1333px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 22.0667px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 22.0667px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-17px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"190.5\" height=\"44\" alt=\"K = 5.915u*H(B/H)^0.62(U/u*)^1.428\" style=\"width: 190.5px; height: 44px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 63.8167px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 31.9083px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 31.9083px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 21.0083px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 21.0083px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ewhere \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eB\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 174.65px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 174.65px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the width of the channel (assumed rectangular here), \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eH\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 74.675px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 74.675px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the water depth, and \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-6px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"15.5\" height=\"20\" alt=\"u*\" style=\"width: 15.5px; height: 20px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 86.6083px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 86.6083px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the shear velocity, which is related to the shear stress on the wetted perimeter of the channel. In steady uniform flow, the component of the fluid’s weight down the slope will balance the friction on the channel bed, and the shear velocity can be computed as\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21.8167px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.9083px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.9083px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-6px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"90\" height=\"21\" alt=\"u* = sqrt(gRS0)\" style=\"width: 90px; height: 21px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42.8167px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21.4083px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21.4083px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 21.0083px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 21.0083px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ewhere \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"87.5\" height=\"19.5\" alt=\"g = 9.81 m/s^2\" style=\"width: 87.5px; height: 19.5px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 101.917px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 101.917px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the gravitational acceleration, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-6px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"15.5\" height=\"20\" alt=\"S0\" style=\"width: 15.5px; height: 20px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 124.483px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 124.483px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the longitudinal slope of the channel, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"59\" height=\"18.5\" alt=\"R = A/P\" style=\"width: 59px; height: 18.5px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 50.5667px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 50.5667px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the hydraulic radius, and \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eP\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 159.858px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 159.858px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the wetted perimeter. For a rectangular channel, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"78\" height=\"18\" alt=\"P = B + 2H\" style=\"width: 78px; height: 18px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 3.88333px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 3.88333px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 63px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 31.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 31.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 384px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 384px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn addition to assuming steady uniform flow and an unchanging channel, ignore any reaction, decay, or loss of the chemical; this assumption provides a conservative estimate of the time range. In practice, one would include a factor of safety that accounts for uncertainty in the parameters. Nevertheless, the calculations here would form a basis for the advice to the city. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.00833px 7.79167px; transform-origin: 1.00833px 7.79167px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function t = spillAlert(x,t0,M,Q,B,H,S0,MCL)\r\n% See the tests for the definitions of the variables and note that the MCL is given in mg/L.\r\n  t = datetime(x*B*H/Q);\r\nend","test_suite":"%% Benzene\r\nx = 80000;                          %  Distance from spill to water intake (m)\r\nt0 = datetime(2018,5,26,10,0,0);    %  Datetime for spill\r\nM = 26000;                          %  Mass of spill (kg)\r\nQ = 5.1;                            %  Discharge (m3/s)\r\nB = 10;                             %  Width of channel (m)\r\nH = 0.8;                            %  Depth of channel (m)\r\nS0 = 1.5e-4;                        %  Longitudinal slope of channel\r\nMCL = 0.005;                        %  Maximum contaminant level (mg/L) \r\nt = spillAlert(x,t0,M,Q,B,H,S0,MCL);\r\nt_correct = datetime([2018 05 27 14 08 05; 2018 05 28 05 06 05])';\r\nassert(isequal(t,t_correct))\r\n\r\n%% Chlorobenzene\r\nx = 79500;                          %  Distance from spill to water intake (m)\r\nt0 = datetime(2018,5,26,10,0,0);    %  Datetime for spill\r\nM = 34000;                          %  Mass of spill (kg)\r\nQ = 5.1;                            %  Discharge (m3/s)\r\nB = 10;                             %  Width of channel (m)\r\nH = 0.8;                            %  Depth of channel (m)\r\nS0 = 1.5e-4;                        %  Longitudinal slope of channel\r\nMCL = 0.1;                          %  Maximum contaminant level (mg/L) \r\nt = spillAlert(x,t0,M,Q,B,H,S0,MCL);\r\nt_correct = datetime([2018 05 27 14 43 39; 2018 05 28 03 41 07])';\r\nassert(isequal(t,t_correct))\r\n\r\n%% Atrazine\r\nx = 14300;                          %  Distance from spill to water intake (m)\r\nt0 = datetime(2020,7,3,16,35,0);    %  Datetime for spill\r\nM = 5600;                           %  Mass of spill (kg)\r\nQ = 3.8;                            %  Discharge (m3/s)\r\nB = 32;                             %  Width of channel (m)\r\nH = 0.4;                            %  Depth of channel (m)\r\nS0 = 6e-4;                          %  Longitudinal slope of channel\r\nMCL = 0.003;                        %  Maximum contaminant level (mg/L) \r\nt = spillAlert(x,t0,M,Q,B,H,S0,MCL);\r\nt_correct = datetime([2020 07 04 00 51 03; 2020 07 04 14 00 39])';\r\nassert(isequal(t,t_correct))\r\n\r\n%% Dalapon\r\nx = 4200;                           %  Distance from spill to water intake (m)\r\nt0 = datetime(2019,6,13,14,23,0);   %  Datetime for spill\r\nM = 3000;                           %  Mass of spill (kg)\r\nQ = 3.8;                            %  Discharge (m3/s)\r\nB = 15;                             %  Width of channel (m)\r\nH = 0.6;                            %  Depth of channel (m)\r\nS0 = 3.2e-4;                        %  Longitudinal slope of channel\r\nMCL = 0.2;                          %  Maximum contaminant level (mg/L) \r\nt = spillAlert(x,t0,M,Q,B,H,S0,MCL);\r\nt_correct = datetime([2019 06 13 15 47 17; 2019 06 13 19 39 06])';\r\nassert(isequal(t,t_correct))\r\n\r\n%% Glyphosate 1\r\nx = 9400;                           %  Distance from spill to water intake (m)\r\nt0 = datetime(2015,5,11,20,12,00);  %  Datetime for spill\r\nM = 300;                            %  Mass of spill (kg)\r\nQ = 23;                             %  Discharge (m3/s)\r\nB = 28;                             %  Width of channel (m)\r\nH = 1.1;                            %  Depth of channel (m)\r\nS0 = 3.2e-4;                        %  Longitudinal slope of channel\r\nMCL = 0.7;                          %  Maximum contaminant level (mg/L) \r\nt = spillAlert(x,t0,M,Q,B,H,S0,MCL);\r\nt_correct = datetime([2015 5 11 22 49 08; 2015 5 12 0 43 38])';\r\nassert(isequal(t,t_correct))\r\n\r\n%% Glyphosate 1\r\nx = 9400;                           %  Distance from spill to water intake (m)\r\nt0 = datetime(2015,5,11,20,12,00);  %  Datetime for spill\r\nM = 300;                            %  Mass of spill (kg)\r\nQ = 23;                             %  Discharge (m3/s)\r\nB = 28;                             %  Width of channel (m)\r\nH = 1.1;                            %  Depth of channel (m)\r\nS0 = 3.2e-4;                        %  Longitudinal slope of channel\r\nMCL = 0.7;                          %  Maximum contaminant level (mg/L) \r\nt = spillAlert(x,t0,M,Q,B,H,S0,MCL);\r\nt_correct = datetime([2015 5 11 22 49 08; 2015 5 12 0 43 38])';\r\nassert(isequal(t,t_correct))\r\n\r\n%% Glyphosate 2\r\nx = 9400;                           %  Distance from spill to water intake (m)\r\nt0 = datetime(2015,5,11,20,12,00);  %  Datetime for spill\r\nM = 80;                             %  Mass of spill (kg)\r\nQ = 23;                             %  Discharge (m3/s)\r\nB = 28;                             %  Width of channel (m)\r\nH = 1.1;                            %  Depth of channel (m)\r\nS0 = 3.2e-4;                        %  Longitudinal slope of channel\r\nMCL = 0.7;                          %  Maximum contaminant level (mg/L) \r\nt = spillAlert(x,t0,M,Q,B,H,S0,MCL);\r\nt_correct = 'The MCL is not exceeded.';\r\nassert(isequal(t,t_correct))\r\n\r\n%% Glyphosate 3\r\nx = 94000;                          %  Distance from spill to water intake (m)\r\nt0 = datetime(2015,5,11,20,12,00);  %  Datetime for spill\r\nM = 300;                            %  Mass of spill (kg)\r\nQ = 37;                             %  Discharge (m3/s)\r\nB = 28;                             %  Width of channel (m)\r\nH = 1.1;                            %  Depth of channel (m)\r\nS0 = 3.2e-4;                        %  Longitudinal slope of channel\r\nMCL = 0.7;                          %  Maximum contaminant level (mg/L) \r\nt = spillAlert(x,t0,M,Q,B,H,S0,MCL);\r\nt_correct = 'The MCL is not exceeded.';\r\nassert(isequal(t,t_correct))\r\n\r\n%% Nitrate \r\nx = 1600;                           %  Distance from spill to water intake (m)\r\nt0 = datetime(2024,4,30,15,20,00);  %  Datetime for spill\r\nM = 140;                            %  Mass of spill (kg)\r\nQ = 14;                             %  Discharge (m3/s)\r\nB = 14;                             %  Width of channel (m)\r\nH = 0.6;                            %  Depth of channel (m)\r\nS0 = 5e-4;                          %  Longitudinal slope of channel\r\nMCL = 10;                           %  Maximum contaminant level (mg/L) \r\nt = spillAlert(x,t0,M,Q,B,H,S0,MCL);\r\nt_correct = datetime([2024 4 30 15 32 22; 2024 4 30 15 38 03])';\r\nassert(isequal(t,t_correct))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":2,"comments_count":1,"created_by":46909,"edited_by":46909,"edited_at":"2024-05-28T15:13:28.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":4,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2024-05-27T17:17:23.000Z","updated_at":"2026-01-25T17:02:57.000Z","published_at":"2024-05-27T17:22:34.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":false,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eProblem statement\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/54750\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:u/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCody Problem 54750\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e involved determining the length of a stream affected by a spill of a contaminant. Any municipalities within that reach would want to know when water from the river would be safe to drink—for example, below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:u/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003emaximum contaminant level\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (MCL). As in CP 54750, the spill of mass \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"M\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eM\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e will be assumed instantaneous at position \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"x = 0\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ex = 0\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and time \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"t = 0\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003et = 0\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and mixed\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e over the cross section (with area \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"A\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e). Then if the flow is steady and the geometry of the flow does not change downstream, the concentration can be computed with \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"true\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"C = (M/(A sqrt(4 pi K t)) exp(-(x-Ut)^2/(4Kt))\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eC = \\\\frac{M}{A\\\\sqrt{4\\\\pi K t}} \\\\exp\\\\left(-\\\\frac{(x-U t)^2}{4 K t}\\\\right)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewhere \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"U = Q/A\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eU = Q/A\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the mean velocity of the river, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"Q\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eQ\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the discharge or volumetric flow rate, and \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"K\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eK\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is a dispersion coefficient, which describes spreading by several mechanisms. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWrite a function that returns the dates and times (given as datetimes) between which the water is unsafe to drink (i.e., the concentration exceeds the MCL) at position \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ex\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e downstream of the spill. Round the times to the nearest second. If the concentration does not exceed the MCL, return \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:rFonts w:cs=\\\"monospace\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e'The MCL is not exceeded.' \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ePlease note that the MCL is given in mg/L, whereas other variables are given in SI units. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eDetails\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eMany empirical formulas are available for the dispersion coefficient. For this problem, use the formula of \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%290733-9429%281998%29124%3A1%2825%29\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:u/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSeo and Cheong (1998)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"true\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"K = 5.915u*H(B/H)^0.62(U/u*)^1.428\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eK = 5.915u_*H\\\\left(\\\\frac{B}{H}\\\\right)^{\\\\!\\\\!0.62}\\\\left(\\\\frac{U}{u_*}\\\\right)^{\\\\!\\\\!1.428}\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewhere \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"B\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eB\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the width of the channel (assumed rectangular here), \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"H\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eH\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the water depth, and \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"u*\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eu_*\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the shear velocity, which is related to the shear stress on the wetted perimeter of the channel. In steady uniform flow, the component of the fluid’s weight down the slope will balance the friction on the channel bed, and the shear velocity can be computed as\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"true\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"u* = sqrt(gRS0)\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eu_* = (g R S_0)^{1/2}\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewhere \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"g = 9.81 m/s^2\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eg = 9.81\\\\,\\\\rm{m/s^2}\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the gravitational acceleration, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"S0\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eS_0\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the longitudinal slope of the channel, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"R = A/P\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eR = A/P\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the hydraulic radius, and \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"P\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eP\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the wetted perimeter. For a rectangular channel, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"P = B + 2H\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eP = B + 2H\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn addition to assuming steady uniform flow and an unchanging channel, ignore any reaction, decay, or loss of the chemical; this assumption provides a conservative estimate of the time range. In practice, one would include a factor of safety that accounts for uncertainty in the parameters. Nevertheless, the calculations here would form a basis for the advice to the city. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":60749,"title":"Compute the dispersion coefficient","description":"A contaminant dumped or spilled into a river will move downstream with the flow, but it will also spread in the flow direction because of several mechanisms. One of these mechanisms is shear dispersion: the spreading results because the velocity varies across the cross section, and parcels of the contaminant sample different velocities as eddies transport them across the cross section.\r\nG.I. Taylor showed that the concentration averaged over the cross section evolves according to an advection-diffusion equation, and the dispersion coefficient can be computed with \r\n\r\nwhere  is the width of the stream,  is the transverse mixing coefficient, and  is the deviation of the velocity profile from the cross-sectional average velocity\r\n\r\nWrite a function that takes a (normalized) velocity profile  specified at several points and computes the quantity \r\n","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none solid rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 375px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 187.5px; transform-origin: 407px 187.5px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 84px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 42px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 42px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eA contaminant dumped or spilled into a river will move downstream with the flow, but it will also spread in the flow direction because of several mechanisms. One of these mechanisms is shear dispersion: the spreading results because the velocity varies across the cross section, and parcels of the contaminant sample different velocities as eddies transport them across the cross section.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eG.I. Taylor showed that the concentration averaged over the cross section evolves according to an advection-diffusion equation, and the dispersion coefficient can be computed with \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 44px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 22px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 22px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-17px\"\u003e\u003cimg 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\" width=\"240\" height=\"44\" alt=\"K = -(1/hD) integral(u' integral(integral(u'(y2),0\u003c=y2\u003c=y1),0\u003c=y1\u003c=y),0\u003c=y\u003c=h)\" style=\"width: 240px; height: 44px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ewhere \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: STIXGeneral, STIXGeneral-webfont, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eh\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the width of the stream, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: STIXGeneral, STIXGeneral-webfont, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eD\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the transverse mixing coefficient, and \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"64\" height=\"19\" alt=\"u' = u - bar(u)\" style=\"width: 64px; height: 19px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the deviation of the velocity profile from the cross-sectional average velocity\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 44px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 22px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 22px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-17px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"103\" height=\"44\" alt=\"ubar = (1/h) integral(u(y),0\u003c=y\u003c=h)\" style=\"width: 103px; height: 44px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWrite a function that takes a (normalized) velocity profile \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" width=\"30\" height=\"18\" alt=\"u(y)\" style=\"width: 30px; height: 18px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e specified at several points and computes the quantity \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 44px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 22px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 22px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-17px\"\u003e\u003cimg 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\" width=\"215\" height=\"44\" alt=\"I = -integral(u' integral(integral(u'(y2),0\u003c=y2\u003c=y1),0\u003c=y1\u003c=y),0\u003c=y\u003c=h)\" style=\"width: 215px; height: 44px;\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function I = computeK(y,u)\r\n  I = -integral(u'*integral(integral(u',0,y1),0,y),0,h);\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nny = 1000;\r\ny = linspace(0,1,ny);\r\nu = y.*(1-y);\r\nI = computeK(y,u);\r\nI_correct = 1/7560;\r\nassert(abs(I-I_correct)/I_correct \u003c 1e-6);\r\n\r\n%%\r\nny = 10000;\r\ny = linspace(0,1,ny);\r\nu = 2*y;\r\nu(y\u003e1/2) = 2*(1-y(y\u003e1/2));\r\nI = computeK(y,u);\r\nI_correct = 1/480;\r\nassert(abs(I-I_correct)/I_correct \u003c 1e-6);\r\n\r\n%%\r\nny = 10000;\r\ny = linspace(0,1,ny);\r\nu = sin(pi*y);\r\nI = computeK(y,u);\r\nI_correct = 5/(6*pi^2)-8/pi^4;\r\nassert(abs(I-I_correct)/I_correct \u003c 1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nny = 10000;\r\ny = linspace(0,1,ny);\r\nu = sin(pi*y);\r\nI = computeK(y,u);\r\nI_correct = 5/(6*pi^2)-8/pi^4;\r\nassert(abs(I-I_correct)/I_correct \u003c 1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nny = 10000;\r\ny = linspace(0,1,ny);\r\nu = sin(pi*y);\r\nI = computeK(y,u);\r\nI_correct = 5/(6*pi^2)-8/pi^4;\r\nassert(abs(I-I_correct)/I_correct \u003c 1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nny = 10000;\r\na = 2.5; \r\nb = 2.5;\r\ny = linspace(0,1,ny);\r\nu = gamma(a+b)*y.^(a-1).*(1-y).^(b-1)/(gamma(a)*gamma(b));\r\nI = computeK(y,u);\r\nI_correct = 0.00788915;\r\nassert(abs(I-I_correct)/I_correct \u003c 1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nny = 10000;\r\na = 2.5; \r\nb = 3;\r\ny = linspace(0,1,ny);\r\nu = gamma(a+b)*y.^(a-1).*(1-y).^(b-1)/(gamma(a)*gamma(b));\r\nI = computeK(y,u);\r\nI_correct = 0.01168232;\r\nassert(abs(I-I_correct)/I_correct \u003c 1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nny = 10000;\r\na = 3.2; \r\nb = 3.2;\r\ny = linspace(0,1,ny);\r\nu = gamma(a+b)*y.^(a-1).*(1-y).^(b-1)/(gamma(a)*gamma(b));\r\nI = computeK(y,u);\r\nI_correct = 0.01192484;\r\nassert(abs(I-I_correct)/I_correct \u003c 1e-6)","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":46909,"edited_by":46909,"edited_at":"2024-10-16T01:19:16.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":4,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2024-10-16T01:18:30.000Z","updated_at":"2024-10-27T15:58:26.000Z","published_at":"2024-10-16T01:19:16.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA contaminant dumped or spilled into a river will move downstream with the flow, but it will also spread in the flow direction because of several mechanisms. One of these mechanisms is shear dispersion: the spreading results because the velocity varies across the cross section, and parcels of the contaminant sample different velocities as eddies transport them across the cross section.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eG.I. Taylor showed that the concentration averaged over the cross section evolves according to an advection-diffusion equation, and the dispersion coefficient can be computed with \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"true\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"K = -(1/hD) integral(u' integral(integral(u'(y2),0\u0026lt;=y2\u0026lt;=y1),0\u0026lt;=y1\u0026lt;=y),0\u0026lt;=y\u0026lt;=h)\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eK = -\\\\frac{1}{hD}\\\\int_0^h u^\\\\prime \\\\int_0^y \\\\int_0^{y_1} u^\\\\prime(y_2) dy_2 dy_1 dy\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewhere \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"h\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eh\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the width of the stream, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"D\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eD\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the transverse mixing coefficient, and \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"u' = u - bar(u)\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eu^\\\\prime = u-{\\\\bar u}\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the deviation of the velocity profile from the cross-sectional average velocity\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"true\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"ubar = (1/h) integral(u(y),0\u0026lt;=y\u0026lt;=h)\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e{\\\\bar u} = \\\\frac{1}{h} \\\\int_0^h u(y) dy\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWrite a function that takes a (normalized) velocity profile \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"u(y)\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eu(y)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e specified at several points and computes the quantity \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"true\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"I = -integral(u' integral(integral(u'(y2),0\u0026lt;=y2\u0026lt;=y1),0\u0026lt;=y1\u0026lt;=y),0\u0026lt;=y\u0026lt;=h)\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eI = -\\\\int_0^h u^\\\\prime \\\\int_0^y \\\\int_0^{y_1} u^\\\\prime(y_2) dy_2 dy_1 dy\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":54750,"title":"Find the length of stream affected by a spill","description":"When a contaminant is spilled into a stream, one might want to know how much of the stream is affected—e.g., the length over which the concentration exceeds a specified threshold. The concentration  is often computed as a function of time  and distance  from the spill using the advection-dispersion equation:\r\n\r\nwhere  is the mean velocity of the river and  is a dispersion coefficient, which describes spreading by several mechanisms. For an instantaneous spill of mass  mixed over the cross section (with area ) at , the concentration can be shown—using some of the math needed for Cody Problem 51625—to be\r\n\r\nWrite a function to compute the length of stream affected by the spill. In other words, find the position  (say) beyond which the concentration never exceeds a threshold . ","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.4333px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: rgb(0, 0, 0); white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 282.7px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 407px 141.35px; transform-origin: 407px 141.35px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 63px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 31.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 31.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 378.317px 8px; transform-origin: 378.317px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWhen a contaminant is spilled into a stream, one might want to know how much of the stream is affected—e.g., the length over which the concentration exceeds a specified threshold. The concentration \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eC\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 123.675px 8px; transform-origin: 123.675px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is often computed as a function of time \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003et\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 1.94167px 8px; transform-origin: 1.94167px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e and distance \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003ex\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 168.833px 8px; transform-origin: 168.833px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e from the spill using the advection-dispersion equation:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 36.6px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 18.3px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 18.3px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-16px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" alt=\"dC/dt + U dC/dx = K d^2C/dx^2\" style=\"width: 126.5px; height: 36.5px;\" width=\"126.5\" height=\"36.5\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 63px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 31.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 31.5px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 21.0083px 8px; transform-origin: 21.0083px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ewhere \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eU\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 113.958px 8px; transform-origin: 113.958px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is the mean velocity of the river and \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eK\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 202.158px 8px; transform-origin: 202.158px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e is a dispersion coefficient, which describes spreading by several mechanisms. For an instantaneous spill of mass \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eM\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 125.242px 8px; transform-origin: 125.242px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e mixed over the cross section (with area \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;STIXGeneral\u0026quot;, \u0026quot;STIXGeneral-webfont\u0026quot;, serif; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003eA\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 12.05px 8px; transform-origin: 12.05px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e) at \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-5px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" alt=\"x = 0\" style=\"width: 36.5px; height: 18px;\" width=\"36.5\" height=\"18\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 59.5083px 8px; transform-origin: 59.5083px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e, the concentration can be shown—using some of the math needed for \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href = \"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/51625\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration-line: underline; \"\u003eCody Problem 51625\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 22.5583px 8px; transform-origin: 22.5583px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e—to be\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 40.1px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 20.05px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 20.05px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-17px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" alt=\"C = (M/(A sqrt(4 pi K t))) exp(-(x-U t)^2/(4 K t))\" style=\"width: 204.5px; height: 40px;\" width=\"204.5\" height=\"40\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 44px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; perspective-origin: 384px 22px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 384px 22px; white-space: pre-wrap; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-right: 10px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 313.617px 8px; transform-origin: 313.617px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eWrite a function to compute the length of stream affected by the spill. In other words, find the position \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-6px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" alt=\"x = L_a\" style=\"width: 42.5px; height: 20px;\" width=\"42.5\" height=\"20\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 44.3417px 8px; transform-origin: 44.3417px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e (say) beyond which the concentration never exceeds a threshold \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"vertical-align:-6px\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" alt=\"C = C_t\" style=\"width: 46px; height: 20px;\" width=\"46\" height=\"20\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 3.88333px 8px; transform-origin: 3.88333px 8px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function La = affectedReach(U,K,M,A,Ct)\r\n% La = length of affected reach of stream [L]\r\n% U  = mean velocity [L/T]\r\n% K  = dispersion coefficient [L^2/T]\r\n% M  = mass of contaminant [M]\r\n% A  = cross-sectional area (L^2)\r\n% Ct = threshold concentration (M/L^3)\r\n\r\n  La = M/(Ct*A);\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nM = 100;                    %  Mass (kg)\r\nA = 30;                     %  Cross-sectional area (m2)\r\nU = 0.3;                    %  Mean velocity (m/s)\r\nK = 2;                      %  Dispersion coefficient (m2/s)\r\nCt = 0.01;                  %  Target concentration (kg/m3)\r\nLa_correct = 1329.62;       %  Length of affected reach (m)\r\nassert(abs(affectedReach(U,K,M,A,Ct)-La_correct)\u003c1e-2)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nM = 50;                     %  Mass (kg)\r\nA = 15;                     %  Cross-sectional area (m2)\r\nU = 0.25;                   %  Mean velocity (m/s)\r\nK = 8.4;                    %  Dispersion coefficient (m2/s)\r\nCt = 0.001;                 %  Target concentration (kg/m3)\r\nLa_correct = 26332.1;       %  Length of affected reach (m)\r\nassert(abs(affectedReach(U,K,M,A,Ct)-La_correct)\u003c1e-2)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nM = 15;                     %  Mass (kg)\r\nA = 25;                     %  Cross-sectional area (m2)\r\nU = 0.25;                   %  Mean velocity (m/s)\r\nK = 11;                     %  Dispersion coefficient (m2/s)\r\nCt = 0.003;                 %  Target concentration (kg/m3)\r\nLa_correct = 91.59;         %  Length of affected reach (m)\r\nassert(abs(affectedReach(U,K,M,A,Ct)-La_correct)\u003c1e-2)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nM = 15;                     %  Mass (kg)\r\nA = 25;                     %  Cross-sectional area (m2)\r\nU = 0.25;                   %  Mean velocity (m/s)\r\nK = 11;                     %  Dispersion coefficient (m2/s)\r\nCt = 3e-4;                  %  Target concentration (kg/m3)\r\nLa_correct = 7256.28;       %  Length of affected reach (m)\r\nassert(abs(affectedReach(U,K,M,A,Ct)-La_correct)\u003c1e-2)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nM = 70;                     %  Mass (kg)\r\nA = 21;                     %  Cross-sectional area (m2)\r\nU = 0.15;                   %  Mean velocity (m/s)\r\nK = 1;                      %  Dispersion coefficient (m2/s)\r\nCt = 0.01;                  %  Target concentration (kg/m3)\r\nLa_correct = 1329.62;       %  Length of affected reach (m)\r\nassert(abs(affectedReach(U,K,M,A,Ct)-La_correct)\u003c1e-2)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nM = 280;                    %  Mass (kg)\r\nA = 21;                     %  Cross-sectional area (m2)\r\nU = 0.54;                   %  Mean velocity (m/s)\r\nK = 3.7;                    %  Dispersion coefficient (m2/s)\r\nCt = 0.007;                 %  Target concentration (kg/m3)\r\nLa_correct = 42140.42;      %  Length of affected reach (m)\r\nassert(abs(affectedReach(U,K,M,A,Ct)-La_correct)\u003c1e-2)\r\n\r\n%% Approximately plug flow\r\nM = 5*rand;                 %  Mass (kg)\r\nA = 40;                     %  Cross-sectional area (m2)\r\nU = 0.3*(1+rand);           %  Mean velocity (m/s)\r\nK = rand*1e-3;              %  Dispersion coefficient (m2/s)\r\nCt = 0.02*rand;             %  Target concentration (kg/m3)\r\nLa_approx = (U/(4*pi*K))*(M/(Ct*A))^2;\r\nassert(abs(affectedReach(U,K,M,A,Ct)-La_approx)/La_approx\u003c1e-3)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nfiletext = fileread('affectedReach.m');\r\nillegal = contains(filetext, 'assignin') || contains(filetext, 'assert') || contains(filetext,'switch') || contains(filetext,'regexp') || contains(filetext,'if'); \r\nassert(~illegal)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":2,"comments_count":1,"created_by":46909,"edited_by":46909,"edited_at":"2022-06-14T05:04:44.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":4,"test_suite_updated_at":"2022-06-14T05:04:44.000Z","rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2022-06-14T04:57:20.000Z","updated_at":"2022-06-14T05:04:44.000Z","published_at":"2022-06-14T04:59:16.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWhen a contaminant is spilled into a stream, one might want to know how much of the stream is affected—e.g., the length over which the concentration exceeds a specified threshold. The concentration \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"C\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eC\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is often computed as a function of time \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"t\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003et\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e and distance \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"x\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ex\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e from the spill using the advection-dispersion equation:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"true\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"dC/dt + U dC/dx = K d^2C/dx^2\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\\\\frac{\\\\partial C}{\\\\partial t} + U \\\\frac{\\\\partial C}{\\\\partial x} = K \\\\frac{\\\\partial^2 C}{\\\\partial x^2}\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ewhere \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"U\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eU\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is the mean velocity of the river and \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"K\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eK\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e is a dispersion coefficient, which describes spreading by several mechanisms. For an instantaneous spill of mass \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"M\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eM\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e mixed over the cross section (with area \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"A\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e) at \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"x = 0\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ex = 0\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e, the concentration can be shown—using some of the math needed for \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:hyperlink w:docLocation=\\\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/51625\\\"\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:u/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCody Problem 51625\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:hyperlink\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e—to be\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"true\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"C = (M/(A sqrt(4 pi K t))) exp(-(x-U t)^2/(4 K t))\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eC = \\\\frac{M}{A\\\\sqrt{4\\\\pi K t}} \\\\exp\\\\left(-\\\\frac{(x-U t)^2}{4 K t}\\\\right)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eWrite a function to compute the length of stream affected by the spill. In other words, find the position \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"x = L_a\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ex = L_a\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e (say) beyond which the concentration never exceeds a threshold \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"equation\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"displayStyle\\\" w:val=\\\"false\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altTextString\\\" w:val=\\\"C = C_t\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eC = C_t\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e. 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