{"group":{"id":1,"name":"Community","lockable":false,"created_at":"2012-01-18T18:02:15.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-26T00:16:20.000Z","description":"Problems submitted by members of the MATLAB Central community.","is_default":true,"created_by":161519,"badge_id":null,"featured":false,"trending":false,"solution_count_in_trending_period":0,"trending_last_calculated":"2026-05-26T00:00:00.000Z","image_id":null,"published":true,"community_created":false,"status_id":2,"is_default_group_for_player":false,"deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"restored_by":null,"restored_at":null,"description_opc":null,"description_html":null,"published_at":null},"problems":[{"id":61338,"title":"Fuel-Air Equivalence Ratio (Lambda)","description":"Lambda (λ) is the ratio of actual air-fuel ratio to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. \r\nλ = 1 is perfect stoichiometry, \r\nλ \u003c 1 is rich, \r\nλ \u003e 1 is lean. \r\nEngine management systems constantly target λ = 1 for optimal catalyst performance.\r\n\r\nGiven actual AFR and stoichiometric AFR (AFR_s), compute lambda.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 572px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 468.5px 286px; transform-origin: 468.5px 286px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eLambda (λ) is the ratio of actual air-fuel ratio to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eλ = 1 is perfect stoichiometry, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eλ \u0026lt; 1 is rich, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eλ \u0026gt; 1 is lean. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eEngine management systems constantly target λ = 1 for optimal catalyst performance.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 392px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 196px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 196px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline\" src=\"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/9uFdrcPkMGE/hq720.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEhCK4FEIIDSFryq4qpAxMIARUAAAAAGAElAADIQj0AgKJD\u0026amp;rs=AOn4CLDLLtOPt4b2zx4L72ztX9tL_4S0vw\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven actual AFR and stoichiometric AFR (AFR_s), compute lambda.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function lam = calcLambda(AFR, AFR_s)\r\nlam = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%Test 1\r\nassert(abs(calcLambda(14.7, 14.7) - 1.0) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n%%Test 2\r\nassert(abs(calcLambda(12.5, 14.7) - 12.5/14.7) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n%%Test 3\r\nassert(abs(calcLambda(16.2, 14.7) - 16.2/14.7) \u003c 1e-6)","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-05-27T03:46:08.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":13,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-05-21T09:51:05.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-27T03:46:42.000Z","published_at":"2026-05-21T09:51:05.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eLambda (λ) is the ratio of actual air-fuel ratio to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eλ = 1 is perfect stoichiometry, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eλ \u0026lt; 1 is rich, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eλ \u0026gt; 1 is lean. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEngine management systems constantly target λ = 1 for optimal catalyst performance.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"386\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"686\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven actual AFR and stoichiometric AFR (AFR_s), compute lambda.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.jpg\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.jpg\",\"contentType\":\"image/jpg\",\"content\":\"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/9uFdrcPkMGE/hq720.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEhCK4FEIIDSFryq4qpAxMIARUAAAAAGAElAADIQj0AgKJD\u0026rs=AOn4CLDLLtOPt4b2zx4L72ztX9tL_4S0vw\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":61340,"title":"Piston Mean Speed","description":"Mean piston speed is a critical mechanical stress indicator.\r\nIt sets limits on valve timing, bearing loads and material fatigue. \r\nMost production engines keep mean piston speed under 15 m/s; racing engines push this toward 25 m/s.\r\n\r\nGiven stroke S (m) and engine speed n (RPM), compute mean piston speed v_p (m/s).","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 345px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 468.5px 172.5px; transform-origin: 468.5px 172.5px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eMean piston speed is a critical mechanical stress indicator.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIt sets limits on valve timing, bearing loads and material fatigue. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eMost production engines keep mean piston speed under 15 m/s; racing engines push this toward 25 m/s.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 225px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 112.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 112.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline\" src=\"https://marineinbox.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/images.png\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven stroke S (m) and engine speed n (RPM), compute mean piston speed v_p (m/s).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function vp = meanPistonSpeed(S, n)\r\nvp = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%Test 1\r\nS=0.086; n=3000;\r\nassert(abs(meanPistonSpeed(S,n) - 2*S*n/60) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n%%Test 2\r\nS=0.092; n=6000;\r\nassert(abs(meanPistonSpeed(S,n) - 2*S*n/60) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n%%Test 3\r\nS=0.105; n=8000;\r\nassert(abs(meanPistonSpeed(S,n) - 2*S*n/60) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-05-27T03:50:54.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":15,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-05-21T09:58:25.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-28T09:52:52.000Z","published_at":"2026-05-21T09:58:25.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eMean piston speed is a critical mechanical stress indicator.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIt sets limits on valve timing, bearing loads and material fatigue. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eMost production engines keep mean piston speed under 15 m/s; racing engines push this toward 25 m/s.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"219\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"230\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven stroke S (m) and engine speed n (RPM), compute mean piston speed v_p (m/s).\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"https://marineinbox.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/images.png\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":61343,"title":"Geometric Compression Ratio","description":"The geometric compression ratio CR is the ratio of the total cylinder volume at BDC to the clearance volume at TDC. \r\nIt is one of the most fundamental engine design parameters and it governs knock tendency, thermal efficiency and peak cylinder pressure.\r\n\r\nGiven swept volume V_s (m³) and clearance volume V_c (m³), compute the compression ratio CR. Also verify the result using the TDC/BDC volumes directly.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 1141px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 468.5px 570.5px; transform-origin: 468.5px 570.5px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe geometric compression ratio CR is the ratio of the total cylinder volume at BDC to the clearance volume at TDC. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIt is one of the most fundamental engine design parameters and it governs knock tendency, thermal efficiency and peak cylinder pressure.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 1030px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 515px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 515px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 1024px;height: 1024px\" src=\"https://capstone-x.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Gemini_Generated_Image_12mi8212mi8212mi.png\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven swept volume V_s (m³) and clearance volume V_c (m³), compute the compression ratio CR. Also verify the result using the TDC/BDC volumes directly.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function CR = compressionRatio(Vs, Vc)\r\nCR = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%Test 1\r\nVs = 500e-6; Vc = 55.56e-6;\r\nCR_expected = (Vs + Vc) / Vc;\r\nassert(abs(compressionRatio(Vs,Vc) - CR_expected) \u003c 1e-4)\r\n%%Test 2\r\nVs = 687.5e-6; Vc = 62.5e-6;\r\nCR_expected = (Vs + Vc) / Vc;\r\nassert(abs(compressionRatio(Vs,Vc) - CR_expected) \u003c 1e-4)\r\n%%Test 3\r\nVs = 363.6e-6; Vc = 36.36e-6;\r\nCR_expected = (Vs + Vc) / Vc;\r\nassert(abs(compressionRatio(Vs,Vc) - CR_expected) \u003c 1e-4)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-05-29T03:31:02.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":14,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-05-21T10:16:34.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-29T03:32:04.000Z","published_at":"2026-05-21T10:16:34.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe geometric compression ratio CR is the ratio of the total cylinder volume at BDC to the clearance volume at TDC. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIt is one of the most fundamental engine design parameters and it governs knock tendency, thermal efficiency and peak cylinder pressure.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"1024\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"1024\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven swept volume V_s (m³) and clearance volume V_c (m³), compute the compression ratio CR. Also verify the result using the TDC/BDC volumes directly.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"https://capstone-x.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Gemini_Generated_Image_12mi8212mi8212mi.png\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":61342,"title":"Swept Volume and Clearance Volume","description":"The swept volume (V_s) is the volume displaced by the piston as it travels from BDC (Bottom Dead Centre) to TDC (Top Dead Centre). \r\nThe clearance volume (V_c) is the remaining volume above the piston at TDC .It cannot be swept and defines the compression limit.\r\n\r\nGiven total cylinder volume at BDC V_BDC (m³) and clearance volume at TDC V_TDC (m³), compute the swept volume V_s and confirm it matches the bore-stroke formula using bore B (m) and stroke S (m).","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 624px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 468.5px 312px; transform-origin: 468.5px 312px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe swept volume (V_s) is the volume displaced by the piston as it travels from BDC (Bottom Dead Centre) to TDC (Top Dead Centre). \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe clearance volume (V_c) is the remaining volume above the piston at TDC .It cannot be swept and defines the compression limit.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 513px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 256.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 256.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"685\" height=\"507\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 685px;height: 507px\" src=\"https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-3-030-89216-6_3/MediaObjects/521933_1_En_3_Fig3_HTML.png\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven total cylinder volume at BDC V_BDC (m³) and clearance volume at TDC V_TDC (m³), compute the swept volume V_s and confirm it matches the bore-stroke formula using bore B (m) and stroke S (m).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function [Vs, Vc] = sweptClearanceVolume(V_BDC, V_TDC)\r\nVs = 0;\r\nVc = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%Test 1\r\nV_BDC=550e-6; V_TDC=50e-6;\r\n[Vs,Vc] = sweptClearanceVolume(V_BDC,V_TDC);\r\nassert(abs(Vs - 500e-6) \u003c 1e-9)\r\nassert(abs(Vc - 50e-6) \u003c 1e-9)\r\n%%Test 2\r\nV_BDC=750e-6; V_TDC=62.5e-6;\r\n[Vs,Vc] = sweptClearanceVolume(V_BDC,V_TDC);\r\nassert(abs(Vs - 687.5e-6) \u003c 1e-9)\r\nassert(abs(Vc - 62.5e-6) \u003c 1e-9)\r\n%%Test 3\r\nV_BDC=400e-6; V_TDC=36.36e-6;\r\n[Vs,Vc] = sweptClearanceVolume(V_BDC,V_TDC);\r\nassert(abs(Vs - (V_BDC-V_TDC)) \u003c 1e-9)\r\nassert(abs(Vc - V_TDC) \u003c 1e-9)","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-05-28T03:17:53.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":13,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-05-21T10:13:10.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-29T03:14:55.000Z","published_at":"2026-05-21T10:13:10.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe swept volume (V_s) is the volume displaced by the piston as it travels from BDC (Bottom Dead Centre) to TDC (Top Dead Centre). \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe clearance volume (V_c) is the remaining volume above the piston at TDC .It cannot be swept and defines the compression limit.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"507\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"685\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven total cylinder volume at BDC V_BDC (m³) and clearance volume at TDC V_TDC (m³), compute the swept volume V_s and confirm it matches the bore-stroke formula using bore B (m) and stroke S (m).\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-3-030-89216-6_3/MediaObjects/521933_1_En_3_Fig3_HTML.png\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":61336,"title":"Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP)","description":"BMEP is a normalised measure of engine work output per cycle per unit displacement. It lets you compare engines of different sizes on equal footing.\r\nA higher BMEP indicates a more efficient use of displacement.\r\n\r\nGiven torque T (N·m), displacement V_d (m³), and number of strokes k (2 or 4), compute BMEP.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 599.719px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 468.5px 299.859px; transform-origin: 468.5px 299.859px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eBMEP is a normalised measure of engine work output per cycle per unit displacement. It lets you compare engines of different sizes on equal footing.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eA higher BMEP indicates a more efficient use of displacement.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 488.719px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 244.359px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 244.359px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline\" src=\"https://static.wixstatic.com/media/1efdb1_5ced4cd83869436cbfd4286a5c83ab9b~mv2.png\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven torque T (N·m), displacement V_d (m³), and number of strokes k (2 or 4), compute BMEP.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function bmep = calcBMEP(T, Vd, k)\r\nbmep = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nT = 200; Vd = 0.002; k = 4;\r\nbmep_expected = (T * 2 * pi * k) / Vd;\r\nassert(abs(calcBMEP(T,Vd,k) - bmep_expected) \u003c 1e-3)\r\n%%\r\nT = 350; Vd = 0.003; k = 4;\r\nbmep_expected = (T * 2 * pi * k) / Vd;\r\nassert(abs(calcBMEP(T,Vd,k) - bmep_expected) \u003c 1e-3)\r\n%%\r\nT = 80; Vd = 0.0005; k = 2;\r\nbmep_expected = (T * 2 * pi * k) / Vd;\r\nassert(abs(calcBMEP(T,Vd,k) - bmep_expected) \u003c 1e-3)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-05-26T03:50:39.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":14,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-05-21T09:38:18.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-29T05:48:28.000Z","published_at":"2026-05-21T09:38:18.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eBMEP is a normalised measure of engine work output per cycle per unit displacement. It lets you compare engines of different sizes on equal footing.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA higher BMEP indicates a more efficient use of displacement.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"802\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"1477\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven torque T (N·m), displacement V_d (m³), and number of strokes k (2 or 4), compute BMEP.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"https://static.wixstatic.com/media/1efdb1_5ced4cd83869436cbfd4286a5c83ab9b~mv2.png\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":61341,"title":"Specific Fuel Consumption","description":"Brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) measures how efficiently an engine converts fuel mass into useful work. \r\nModern petrol engines achieve roughly 250–270 g/kWh at their best efficiency point.\r\n\r\nGiven fuel mass flow rate m_dot (kg/s) and brake power P (W), compute BSFC in g/kWh.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 111px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 468.5px 55.5px; transform-origin: 468.5px 55.5px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eBrake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) measures how efficiently an engine converts fuel mass into useful work. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eModern petrol engines achieve roughly 250–270 g/kWh at their best efficiency point.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven fuel mass flow rate m_dot (kg/s) and brake power P (W), compute BSFC in g/kWh.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function bsfc = calcBSFC(m_dot, P)\r\nbsfc = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%Test 1\r\nm_dot=0.0070; P=100000;\r\nassert(abs(calcBSFC(m_dot,P) - (m_dot/P)*3.6e6) \u003c 1e-3)\r\n%%Test 2\r\nm_dot=0.0105; P=150000;\r\nassert(abs(calcBSFC(m_dot,P) - (m_dot/P)*3.6e6) \u003c 1e-3)\r\n%%Test 3\r\nm_dot=0.0040; P=60000;\r\nassert(abs(calcBSFC(m_dot,P) - (m_dot/P)*3.6e6) \u003c 1e-3)","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-05-28T03:12:07.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":13,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-05-21T10:05:55.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-28T03:16:33.000Z","published_at":"2026-05-21T10:05:55.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eBrake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) measures how efficiently an engine converts fuel mass into useful work. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eModern petrol engines achieve roughly 250–270 g/kWh at their best efficiency point.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven fuel mass flow rate m_dot (kg/s) and brake power P (W), compute BSFC in g/kWh.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":61312,"title":"Electric Power Steering (EPS) Motor Torque with Efficiency","description":"In EPS systems, the motor must generate additional torque to compensate for system losses.\r\nGiven Required assist torque at rack Ta and Mechanical efficiency η (0 \u003c η ≤ 1)\r\nCompute required motor torque Tm.\r\n","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 110.906px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 467.484px 55.4531px; transform-origin: 467.496px 55.4531px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn EPS systems, the motor must generate additional torque to compensate for system losses.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven Required assist torque at rack \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eTa \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eand\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eMechanical efficiency \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eη (0 \u0026lt; η ≤ 1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eCompute required motor torque \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eTm\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function Tm = epsMotorTorque(Ta,eta)\r\nTm = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nTa = 10; eta = 0.9;\r\nTm_expected = Ta / eta;\r\nassert(abs(epsMotorTorque(Ta,eta) - Tm_expected) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nTa = 15; eta = 0.85;\r\nTm_expected = Ta / eta;\r\nassert(abs(epsMotorTorque(Ta,eta) - Tm_expected) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nTa = 8; eta = 0.8;\r\nTm_expected = Ta / eta;\r\nassert(abs(epsMotorTorque(Ta,eta) - Tm_expected) \u003c 1e-6)","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-04-28T09:46:20.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":30,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-04-28T09:46:15.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-29T15:21:58.000Z","published_at":"2026-04-28T09:46:20.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn EPS systems, the motor must generate additional torque to compensate for system losses.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven Required assist torque at rack \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eTa \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr/\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eand\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eMechanical efficiency \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eη (0 \u0026lt; η ≤ 1)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCompute required motor torque \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eTm\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":61334,"title":"Engine Thermal Efficiency","description":"The thermal efficiency of an ideal Otto cycle engine depends only on the compression ratio. A higher compression ratio yields greater efficiency, which is why performance engines run higher compression.\r\nGiven compression ratio r and heat capacity ratio γ (gamma), compute the thermal efficiency η.\r\n\r\n","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 344.367px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 467.484px 172.172px; transform-origin: 467.496px 172.184px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 41.9531px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 20.9766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 20.9766px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe thermal efficiency of an ideal Otto cycle engine depends only on the compression ratio. A higher compression ratio yields greater efficiency, which is why performance engines run higher compression.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven compression ratio r and heat capacity ratio γ (gamma), compute the thermal efficiency η.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 233.461px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 116.719px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 116.73px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline\" src=\"https://unacademy.com/content/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/heat-300x226.png\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function eta = ottoEfficiency(r, gamma)\r\neta = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nr = 8; gamma = 1.4;\r\neta_expected = 1 - (1/r^(gamma-1));\r\nassert(abs(ottoEfficiency(r,gamma) - eta_expected) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n%%\r\nr = 10; gamma = 1.4;\r\neta_expected = 1 - (1/r^(gamma-1));\r\nassert(abs(ottoEfficiency(r,gamma) - eta_expected) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n%%\r\nr = 12; gamma = 1.35;\r\neta_expected = 1 - (1/r^(gamma-1));\r\nassert(abs(ottoEfficiency(r,gamma) - eta_expected) \u003c 1e-6)","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-05-21T09:29:12.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":18,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-05-21T09:26:24.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-28T09:44:08.000Z","published_at":"2026-05-21T09:29:12.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe thermal efficiency of an ideal Otto cycle engine depends only on the compression ratio. A higher compression ratio yields greater efficiency, which is why performance engines run higher compression.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven compression ratio r and heat capacity ratio γ (gamma), compute the thermal efficiency η.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"226\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"300\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"https://unacademy.com/content/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/heat-300x226.png\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":61306,"title":"Tire Slip Angle Calculation","description":"Slip angle represents the angle between the direction a tire is pointing and the direction it is moving.\r\nGiven Lateral velocity vy and Longitudinal velocity vx, compute slip angle α.\r\nEquation:\r\nalpha_angle = atan(vy / vx)","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 110.906px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 467.484px 55.4531px; transform-origin: 467.496px 55.4531px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eSlip angle represents the angle between the direction a tire is pointing and the direction it is moving.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven Lateral velocity \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003evy \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eand\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eLongitudinal velocity \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003evx, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ecompute slip angle \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eα\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eEquation:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ealpha_angle = atan(vy / vx)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function alpha = slipAngle(vy,vx)\r\nalpha = vy;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nvy = 2; vx = 10;\r\nalpha_expected = 0.1974;\r\nassert(abs(slipAngle(vy,vx) - alpha_expected) \u003c 1e-4)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nvy = 1; vx = 5;\r\nalpha_expected = 0.1974;\r\nassert(abs(slipAngle(vy,vx) - alpha_expected) \u003c 1e-4)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nvy = 3; vx = 15;\r\nalpha_expected = 0.1974;\r\nassert(abs(slipAngle(vy,vx) - alpha_expected) \u003c 1e-4)","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-04-28T09:23:16.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":18,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-04-28T09:23:12.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-29T15:10:04.000Z","published_at":"2026-04-28T09:23:16.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSlip angle represents the angle between the direction a tire is pointing and the direction it is moving.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven Lateral velocity \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003evy \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr/\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eand\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eLongitudinal velocity \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003evx, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr/\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ecompute slip angle \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eα\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEquation:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ealpha_angle = atan(vy / vx)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":61339,"title":"Engine Displacement ","description":"Engine displacement is the total swept volume of all cylinders. \r\nIt is determined by bore (cylinder diameter), stroke (piston travel) and the number of cylinders. \r\nDisplacement is typically quoted in litres or cubic centimetres for consumer engines.\r\n\r\nGiven bore B (m), stroke S (m), and number of cylinders N, compute total displacement V_d (m³).","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 511px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 468.5px 255.5px; transform-origin: 468.5px 255.5px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eEngine displacement is the total swept volume of all cylinders. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIt is determined by bore (cylinder diameter), stroke (piston travel) and the number of cylinders. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eDisplacement is typically quoted in litres or cubic centimetres for consumer engines.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 391px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 195.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 195.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline\" src=\"https://www.aa1car.com/library/engine_displacement.jpg\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven bore B (m), stroke S (m), and number of cylinders N, compute total displacement V_d (m³).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function Vd = engineDisplacement(B, S, N)\r\nVd = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%Test 1\r\nB=0.086; S=0.086; N=4;\r\nassert(abs(engineDisplacement(B,S,N) - (pi/4)*B^2*S*N) \u003c 1e-8)\r\n%%Test 2\r\nB=0.096; S=0.092; N=6;\r\nassert(abs(engineDisplacement(B,S,N) - (pi/4)*B^2*S*N) \u003c 1e-8)\r\n%%Test 3\r\nB=0.110; S=0.105; N=8;\r\nassert(abs(engineDisplacement(B,S,N) - (pi/4)*B^2*S*N) \u003c 1e-8)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":1,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-05-27T03:47:33.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":15,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-05-21T09:54:47.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-28T09:51:23.000Z","published_at":"2026-05-21T09:54:47.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEngine displacement is the total swept volume of all cylinders. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIt is determined by bore (cylinder diameter), stroke (piston travel) and the number of cylinders. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eDisplacement is typically quoted in litres or cubic centimetres for consumer engines.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"385\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"381\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven bore B (m), stroke S (m), and number of cylinders N, compute total displacement V_d (m³).\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.jpg\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.jpg\",\"contentType\":\"image/jpg\",\"content\":\"https://www.aa1car.com/library/engine_displacement.jpg\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":61307,"title":"Steering Ratio Calculation","description":"The steering ratio defines the relationship between steering wheel angle and road wheel angle.\r\nGiven wheel angle δ and Steering ratio N, Compute steering wheel angle swa.\r\nEquation:\r\nswa = N × delta","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 110.906px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 467.484px 55.4531px; transform-origin: 467.496px 55.4531px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe steering ratio defines the relationship between steering wheel angle and road wheel angle.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven wheel angle \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eδ \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eand Steering ratio \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eN, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eCompute steering wheel angle \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eswa\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eEquation:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eswa = N × delta\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function sw = steeringWheelAngle(delta,N)\r\nsw = N;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\ndelta = 5*pi/180; \r\nN = 16;\r\nsw_expected = 1.3963;\r\nassert(abs(steeringWheelAngle(delta,N) - sw_expected) \u003c 1e-4)\r\n\r\n%%\r\ndelta = 3*pi/180; \r\nN = 18;\r\nsw_expected = 0.9425;\r\nassert(abs(steeringWheelAngle(delta,N) - sw_expected) \u003c 1e-4)\r\n\r\n%%\r\ndelta = 10*pi/180; \r\nN = 14;\r\nsw_expected = 2.4435;\r\nassert(abs(steeringWheelAngle(delta,N) - sw_expected) \u003c 1e-4)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-04-28T09:26:27.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":24,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-04-28T09:26:22.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-29T15:10:46.000Z","published_at":"2026-04-28T09:26:27.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe steering ratio defines the relationship between steering wheel angle and road wheel angle.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven wheel angle \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eδ \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eand Steering ratio \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eN, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCompute steering wheel angle \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eswa\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEquation:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eswa = N × delta\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":61309,"title":"Steering Torque Estimation","description":"Steering torque is generated due to lateral tire forces acting through the steering mechanism.\r\nGiven Lateral force Fy and Lever arm r, Compute torque T.\r\nEquation:\r\nT = Fy × r","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 110.906px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 467.484px 55.4531px; transform-origin: 467.496px 55.4531px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eSteering torque is generated due to lateral tire forces acting through the steering mechanism.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven Lateral force \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eFy \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eand\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eLever arm \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003er, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eCompute torque \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eT\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eEquation:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eT = Fy × r\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function T = steeringTorque(Fy,r)\r\nT = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nFy = 1500; \r\nr = 0.15;\r\nT_expected = 225;\r\nassert(isequal(steeringTorque(Fy,r),T_expected))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nFy = 1000; \r\nr = 0.2;\r\nT_expected = 200;\r\nassert(isequal(steeringTorque(Fy,r),T_expected))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nFy = 800; \r\nr = 0.25;\r\nT_expected = 200;\r\nassert(isequal(steeringTorque(Fy,r),T_expected))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-04-28T09:36:50.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":19,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-04-28T09:36:45.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-29T15:13:47.000Z","published_at":"2026-04-28T09:36:50.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSteering torque is generated due to lateral tire forces acting through the steering mechanism.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven Lateral force \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFy \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr/\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eand\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eLever arm \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003er, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCompute torque \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eT\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEquation:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eT = Fy × r\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":61311,"title":"EPS Assist Map with respect to the Vehicle Speed ","description":"In Electric Power Steering (EPS), assist torque reduces as vehicle speed increases to improve stability at high speeds.\r\nGiven Steering torque input Ts, Base assist gain k0, Vehicle speed v and Speed sensitivity factor kv, compute assist torque Ta using a linear speed-dependent gain.\r\nEquation:\r\nTa = Ts × (k0 / (1 + kv × v))","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 131.883px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 467.484px 65.9297px; transform-origin: 467.496px 65.9414px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn Electric Power Steering (EPS), assist torque reduces as vehicle speed increases to improve stability at high speeds.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 41.9531px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 20.9766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 20.9766px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven Steering torque input \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eTs, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eBase assist gain \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ek0, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eVehicle speed \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ev \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eand\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eSpeed sensitivity factor \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ekv, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ecompute assist torque \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eTa\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e using a linear speed-dependent gain.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eEquation:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eTa = Ts × (k0 / (1 + kv × v))\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function Ta = epsAssistSpeed(Ts,k0,kv,v)\r\nTa = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nTs = 5; k0 = 3; \r\nkv = 0.02; \r\nv = 0;\r\nTa_expected = Ts * (k0 / (1 + kv*v));\r\nassert(abs(epsAssistSpeed(Ts,k0,kv,v) - Ta_expected) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nTs = 5; \r\nk0 = 3; \r\nkv = 0.02; \r\nv = 50;\r\nTa_expected = Ts * (k0 / (1 + kv*v));\r\nassert(abs(epsAssistSpeed(Ts,k0,kv,v) - Ta_expected) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nTs = 8; \r\nk0 = 2.5; \r\nkv = 0.01; \r\nv = 30;\r\nTa_expected = Ts * (k0 / (1 + kv*v));\r\nassert(abs(epsAssistSpeed(Ts,k0,kv,v) - Ta_expected) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":1,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-04-28T09:44:14.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":25,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-04-28T09:43:39.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-29T15:15:12.000Z","published_at":"2026-04-28T09:44:14.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn Electric Power Steering (EPS), assist torque reduces as vehicle speed increases to improve stability at high speeds.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven Steering torque input \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eTs, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eBase assist gain \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ek0, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eVehicle speed \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ev \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr/\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eand\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSpeed sensitivity factor \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ekv, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ecompute assist torque \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eTa\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e using a linear speed-dependent gain.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEquation:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eTa = Ts × (k0 / (1 + kv × v))\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"}],"problem_search":{"problems":[{"id":61338,"title":"Fuel-Air Equivalence Ratio (Lambda)","description":"Lambda (λ) is the ratio of actual air-fuel ratio to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. \r\nλ = 1 is perfect stoichiometry, \r\nλ \u003c 1 is rich, \r\nλ \u003e 1 is lean. \r\nEngine management systems constantly target λ = 1 for optimal catalyst performance.\r\n\r\nGiven actual AFR and stoichiometric AFR (AFR_s), compute lambda.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 572px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 468.5px 286px; transform-origin: 468.5px 286px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eLambda (λ) is the ratio of actual air-fuel ratio to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eλ = 1 is perfect stoichiometry, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eλ \u0026lt; 1 is rich, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eλ \u0026gt; 1 is lean. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eEngine management systems constantly target λ = 1 for optimal catalyst performance.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 392px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 196px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 196px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline\" src=\"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/9uFdrcPkMGE/hq720.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEhCK4FEIIDSFryq4qpAxMIARUAAAAAGAElAADIQj0AgKJD\u0026amp;rs=AOn4CLDLLtOPt4b2zx4L72ztX9tL_4S0vw\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven actual AFR and stoichiometric AFR (AFR_s), compute lambda.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function lam = calcLambda(AFR, AFR_s)\r\nlam = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%Test 1\r\nassert(abs(calcLambda(14.7, 14.7) - 1.0) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n%%Test 2\r\nassert(abs(calcLambda(12.5, 14.7) - 12.5/14.7) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n%%Test 3\r\nassert(abs(calcLambda(16.2, 14.7) - 16.2/14.7) \u003c 1e-6)","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-05-27T03:46:08.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":13,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-05-21T09:51:05.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-27T03:46:42.000Z","published_at":"2026-05-21T09:51:05.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eLambda (λ) is the ratio of actual air-fuel ratio to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eλ = 1 is perfect stoichiometry, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eλ \u0026lt; 1 is rich, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eλ \u0026gt; 1 is lean. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEngine management systems constantly target λ = 1 for optimal catalyst performance.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"386\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"686\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven actual AFR and stoichiometric AFR (AFR_s), compute lambda.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.jpg\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.jpg\",\"contentType\":\"image/jpg\",\"content\":\"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/9uFdrcPkMGE/hq720.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEhCK4FEIIDSFryq4qpAxMIARUAAAAAGAElAADIQj0AgKJD\u0026rs=AOn4CLDLLtOPt4b2zx4L72ztX9tL_4S0vw\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":61340,"title":"Piston Mean Speed","description":"Mean piston speed is a critical mechanical stress indicator.\r\nIt sets limits on valve timing, bearing loads and material fatigue. \r\nMost production engines keep mean piston speed under 15 m/s; racing engines push this toward 25 m/s.\r\n\r\nGiven stroke S (m) and engine speed n (RPM), compute mean piston speed v_p (m/s).","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 345px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 468.5px 172.5px; transform-origin: 468.5px 172.5px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eMean piston speed is a critical mechanical stress indicator.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIt sets limits on valve timing, bearing loads and material fatigue. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eMost production engines keep mean piston speed under 15 m/s; racing engines push this toward 25 m/s.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 225px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 112.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 112.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline\" src=\"https://marineinbox.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/images.png\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven stroke S (m) and engine speed n (RPM), compute mean piston speed v_p (m/s).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function vp = meanPistonSpeed(S, n)\r\nvp = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%Test 1\r\nS=0.086; n=3000;\r\nassert(abs(meanPistonSpeed(S,n) - 2*S*n/60) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n%%Test 2\r\nS=0.092; n=6000;\r\nassert(abs(meanPistonSpeed(S,n) - 2*S*n/60) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n%%Test 3\r\nS=0.105; n=8000;\r\nassert(abs(meanPistonSpeed(S,n) - 2*S*n/60) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-05-27T03:50:54.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":15,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-05-21T09:58:25.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-28T09:52:52.000Z","published_at":"2026-05-21T09:58:25.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eMean piston speed is a critical mechanical stress indicator.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIt sets limits on valve timing, bearing loads and material fatigue. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eMost production engines keep mean piston speed under 15 m/s; racing engines push this toward 25 m/s.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"219\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"230\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven stroke S (m) and engine speed n (RPM), compute mean piston speed v_p (m/s).\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"https://marineinbox.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/images.png\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":61343,"title":"Geometric Compression Ratio","description":"The geometric compression ratio CR is the ratio of the total cylinder volume at BDC to the clearance volume at TDC. \r\nIt is one of the most fundamental engine design parameters and it governs knock tendency, thermal efficiency and peak cylinder pressure.\r\n\r\nGiven swept volume V_s (m³) and clearance volume V_c (m³), compute the compression ratio CR. Also verify the result using the TDC/BDC volumes directly.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 1141px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 468.5px 570.5px; transform-origin: 468.5px 570.5px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe geometric compression ratio CR is the ratio of the total cylinder volume at BDC to the clearance volume at TDC. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIt is one of the most fundamental engine design parameters and it governs knock tendency, thermal efficiency and peak cylinder pressure.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 1030px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 515px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 515px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 1024px;height: 1024px\" src=\"https://capstone-x.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Gemini_Generated_Image_12mi8212mi8212mi.png\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven swept volume V_s (m³) and clearance volume V_c (m³), compute the compression ratio CR. Also verify the result using the TDC/BDC volumes directly.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function CR = compressionRatio(Vs, Vc)\r\nCR = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%Test 1\r\nVs = 500e-6; Vc = 55.56e-6;\r\nCR_expected = (Vs + Vc) / Vc;\r\nassert(abs(compressionRatio(Vs,Vc) - CR_expected) \u003c 1e-4)\r\n%%Test 2\r\nVs = 687.5e-6; Vc = 62.5e-6;\r\nCR_expected = (Vs + Vc) / Vc;\r\nassert(abs(compressionRatio(Vs,Vc) - CR_expected) \u003c 1e-4)\r\n%%Test 3\r\nVs = 363.6e-6; Vc = 36.36e-6;\r\nCR_expected = (Vs + Vc) / Vc;\r\nassert(abs(compressionRatio(Vs,Vc) - CR_expected) \u003c 1e-4)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-05-29T03:31:02.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":14,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-05-21T10:16:34.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-29T03:32:04.000Z","published_at":"2026-05-21T10:16:34.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe geometric compression ratio CR is the ratio of the total cylinder volume at BDC to the clearance volume at TDC. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIt is one of the most fundamental engine design parameters and it governs knock tendency, thermal efficiency and peak cylinder pressure.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"1024\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"1024\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven swept volume V_s (m³) and clearance volume V_c (m³), compute the compression ratio CR. Also verify the result using the TDC/BDC volumes directly.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"https://capstone-x.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Gemini_Generated_Image_12mi8212mi8212mi.png\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":61342,"title":"Swept Volume and Clearance Volume","description":"The swept volume (V_s) is the volume displaced by the piston as it travels from BDC (Bottom Dead Centre) to TDC (Top Dead Centre). \r\nThe clearance volume (V_c) is the remaining volume above the piston at TDC .It cannot be swept and defines the compression limit.\r\n\r\nGiven total cylinder volume at BDC V_BDC (m³) and clearance volume at TDC V_TDC (m³), compute the swept volume V_s and confirm it matches the bore-stroke formula using bore B (m) and stroke S (m).","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 624px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 468.5px 312px; transform-origin: 468.5px 312px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe swept volume (V_s) is the volume displaced by the piston as it travels from BDC (Bottom Dead Centre) to TDC (Top Dead Centre). \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe clearance volume (V_c) is the remaining volume above the piston at TDC .It cannot be swept and defines the compression limit.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 513px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 256.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 256.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" width=\"685\" height=\"507\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline;width: 685px;height: 507px\" src=\"https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-3-030-89216-6_3/MediaObjects/521933_1_En_3_Fig3_HTML.png\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven total cylinder volume at BDC V_BDC (m³) and clearance volume at TDC V_TDC (m³), compute the swept volume V_s and confirm it matches the bore-stroke formula using bore B (m) and stroke S (m).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function [Vs, Vc] = sweptClearanceVolume(V_BDC, V_TDC)\r\nVs = 0;\r\nVc = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%Test 1\r\nV_BDC=550e-6; V_TDC=50e-6;\r\n[Vs,Vc] = sweptClearanceVolume(V_BDC,V_TDC);\r\nassert(abs(Vs - 500e-6) \u003c 1e-9)\r\nassert(abs(Vc - 50e-6) \u003c 1e-9)\r\n%%Test 2\r\nV_BDC=750e-6; V_TDC=62.5e-6;\r\n[Vs,Vc] = sweptClearanceVolume(V_BDC,V_TDC);\r\nassert(abs(Vs - 687.5e-6) \u003c 1e-9)\r\nassert(abs(Vc - 62.5e-6) \u003c 1e-9)\r\n%%Test 3\r\nV_BDC=400e-6; V_TDC=36.36e-6;\r\n[Vs,Vc] = sweptClearanceVolume(V_BDC,V_TDC);\r\nassert(abs(Vs - (V_BDC-V_TDC)) \u003c 1e-9)\r\nassert(abs(Vc - V_TDC) \u003c 1e-9)","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-05-28T03:17:53.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":13,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-05-21T10:13:10.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-29T03:14:55.000Z","published_at":"2026-05-21T10:13:10.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe swept volume (V_s) is the volume displaced by the piston as it travels from BDC (Bottom Dead Centre) to TDC (Top Dead Centre). \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe clearance volume (V_c) is the remaining volume above the piston at TDC .It cannot be swept and defines the compression limit.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"507\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"685\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven total cylinder volume at BDC V_BDC (m³) and clearance volume at TDC V_TDC (m³), compute the swept volume V_s and confirm it matches the bore-stroke formula using bore B (m) and stroke S (m).\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"https://media.springernature.com/lw685/springer-static/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-3-030-89216-6_3/MediaObjects/521933_1_En_3_Fig3_HTML.png\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":61336,"title":"Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP)","description":"BMEP is a normalised measure of engine work output per cycle per unit displacement. It lets you compare engines of different sizes on equal footing.\r\nA higher BMEP indicates a more efficient use of displacement.\r\n\r\nGiven torque T (N·m), displacement V_d (m³), and number of strokes k (2 or 4), compute BMEP.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 599.719px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 468.5px 299.859px; transform-origin: 468.5px 299.859px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 42px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 21px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 21px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eBMEP is a normalised measure of engine work output per cycle per unit displacement. It lets you compare engines of different sizes on equal footing.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eA higher BMEP indicates a more efficient use of displacement.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 488.719px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 244.359px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 244.359px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline\" src=\"https://static.wixstatic.com/media/1efdb1_5ced4cd83869436cbfd4286a5c83ab9b~mv2.png\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven torque T (N·m), displacement V_d (m³), and number of strokes k (2 or 4), compute BMEP.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function bmep = calcBMEP(T, Vd, k)\r\nbmep = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nT = 200; Vd = 0.002; k = 4;\r\nbmep_expected = (T * 2 * pi * k) / Vd;\r\nassert(abs(calcBMEP(T,Vd,k) - bmep_expected) \u003c 1e-3)\r\n%%\r\nT = 350; Vd = 0.003; k = 4;\r\nbmep_expected = (T * 2 * pi * k) / Vd;\r\nassert(abs(calcBMEP(T,Vd,k) - bmep_expected) \u003c 1e-3)\r\n%%\r\nT = 80; Vd = 0.0005; k = 2;\r\nbmep_expected = (T * 2 * pi * k) / Vd;\r\nassert(abs(calcBMEP(T,Vd,k) - bmep_expected) \u003c 1e-3)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-05-26T03:50:39.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":14,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-05-21T09:38:18.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-29T05:48:28.000Z","published_at":"2026-05-21T09:38:18.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eBMEP is a normalised measure of engine work output per cycle per unit displacement. It lets you compare engines of different sizes on equal footing.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eA higher BMEP indicates a more efficient use of displacement.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"802\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"1477\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven torque T (N·m), displacement V_d (m³), and number of strokes k (2 or 4), compute BMEP.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"https://static.wixstatic.com/media/1efdb1_5ced4cd83869436cbfd4286a5c83ab9b~mv2.png\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":61341,"title":"Specific Fuel Consumption","description":"Brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) measures how efficiently an engine converts fuel mass into useful work. \r\nModern petrol engines achieve roughly 250–270 g/kWh at their best efficiency point.\r\n\r\nGiven fuel mass flow rate m_dot (kg/s) and brake power P (W), compute BSFC in g/kWh.","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 111px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 468.5px 55.5px; transform-origin: 468.5px 55.5px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eBrake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) measures how efficiently an engine converts fuel mass into useful work. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eModern petrol engines achieve roughly 250–270 g/kWh at their best efficiency point.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven fuel mass flow rate m_dot (kg/s) and brake power P (W), compute BSFC in g/kWh.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function bsfc = calcBSFC(m_dot, P)\r\nbsfc = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%Test 1\r\nm_dot=0.0070; P=100000;\r\nassert(abs(calcBSFC(m_dot,P) - (m_dot/P)*3.6e6) \u003c 1e-3)\r\n%%Test 2\r\nm_dot=0.0105; P=150000;\r\nassert(abs(calcBSFC(m_dot,P) - (m_dot/P)*3.6e6) \u003c 1e-3)\r\n%%Test 3\r\nm_dot=0.0040; P=60000;\r\nassert(abs(calcBSFC(m_dot,P) - (m_dot/P)*3.6e6) \u003c 1e-3)","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-05-28T03:12:07.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":13,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-05-21T10:05:55.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-28T03:16:33.000Z","published_at":"2026-05-21T10:05:55.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eBrake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) measures how efficiently an engine converts fuel mass into useful work. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eModern petrol engines achieve roughly 250–270 g/kWh at their best efficiency point.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven fuel mass flow rate m_dot (kg/s) and brake power P (W), compute BSFC in g/kWh.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":61312,"title":"Electric Power Steering (EPS) Motor Torque with Efficiency","description":"In EPS systems, the motor must generate additional torque to compensate for system losses.\r\nGiven Required assist torque at rack Ta and Mechanical efficiency η (0 \u003c η ≤ 1)\r\nCompute required motor torque Tm.\r\n","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 110.906px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 467.484px 55.4531px; transform-origin: 467.496px 55.4531px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn EPS systems, the motor must generate additional torque to compensate for system losses.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven Required assist torque at rack \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eTa \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eand\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eMechanical efficiency \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eη (0 \u0026lt; η ≤ 1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eCompute required motor torque \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eTm\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function Tm = epsMotorTorque(Ta,eta)\r\nTm = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nTa = 10; eta = 0.9;\r\nTm_expected = Ta / eta;\r\nassert(abs(epsMotorTorque(Ta,eta) - Tm_expected) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nTa = 15; eta = 0.85;\r\nTm_expected = Ta / eta;\r\nassert(abs(epsMotorTorque(Ta,eta) - Tm_expected) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nTa = 8; eta = 0.8;\r\nTm_expected = Ta / eta;\r\nassert(abs(epsMotorTorque(Ta,eta) - Tm_expected) \u003c 1e-6)","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-04-28T09:46:20.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":30,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-04-28T09:46:15.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-29T15:21:58.000Z","published_at":"2026-04-28T09:46:20.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn EPS systems, the motor must generate additional torque to compensate for system losses.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven Required assist torque at rack \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eTa \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr/\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eand\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eMechanical efficiency \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eη (0 \u0026lt; η ≤ 1)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCompute required motor torque \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eTm\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":61334,"title":"Engine Thermal Efficiency","description":"The thermal efficiency of an ideal Otto cycle engine depends only on the compression ratio. A higher compression ratio yields greater efficiency, which is why performance engines run higher compression.\r\nGiven compression ratio r and heat capacity ratio γ (gamma), compute the thermal efficiency η.\r\n\r\n","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 344.367px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 467.484px 172.172px; transform-origin: 467.496px 172.184px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 41.9531px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 20.9766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 20.9766px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe thermal efficiency of an ideal Otto cycle engine depends only on the compression ratio. A higher compression ratio yields greater efficiency, which is why performance engines run higher compression.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven compression ratio r and heat capacity ratio γ (gamma), compute the thermal efficiency η.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 233.461px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 116.719px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 116.73px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline\" src=\"https://unacademy.com/content/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/heat-300x226.png\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function eta = ottoEfficiency(r, gamma)\r\neta = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nr = 8; gamma = 1.4;\r\neta_expected = 1 - (1/r^(gamma-1));\r\nassert(abs(ottoEfficiency(r,gamma) - eta_expected) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n%%\r\nr = 10; gamma = 1.4;\r\neta_expected = 1 - (1/r^(gamma-1));\r\nassert(abs(ottoEfficiency(r,gamma) - eta_expected) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n%%\r\nr = 12; gamma = 1.35;\r\neta_expected = 1 - (1/r^(gamma-1));\r\nassert(abs(ottoEfficiency(r,gamma) - eta_expected) \u003c 1e-6)","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-05-21T09:29:12.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":18,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-05-21T09:26:24.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-28T09:44:08.000Z","published_at":"2026-05-21T09:29:12.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe thermal efficiency of an ideal Otto cycle engine depends only on the compression ratio. A higher compression ratio yields greater efficiency, which is why performance engines run higher compression.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven compression ratio r and heat capacity ratio γ (gamma), compute the thermal efficiency η.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"226\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"300\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.png\",\"contentType\":\"image/png\",\"content\":\"https://unacademy.com/content/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/heat-300x226.png\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":61306,"title":"Tire Slip Angle Calculation","description":"Slip angle represents the angle between the direction a tire is pointing and the direction it is moving.\r\nGiven Lateral velocity vy and Longitudinal velocity vx, compute slip angle α.\r\nEquation:\r\nalpha_angle = atan(vy / vx)","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 110.906px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 467.484px 55.4531px; transform-origin: 467.496px 55.4531px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eSlip angle represents the angle between the direction a tire is pointing and the direction it is moving.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven Lateral velocity \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003evy \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eand\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eLongitudinal velocity \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003evx, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ecompute slip angle \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eα\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eEquation:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ealpha_angle = atan(vy / vx)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function alpha = slipAngle(vy,vx)\r\nalpha = vy;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nvy = 2; vx = 10;\r\nalpha_expected = 0.1974;\r\nassert(abs(slipAngle(vy,vx) - alpha_expected) \u003c 1e-4)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nvy = 1; vx = 5;\r\nalpha_expected = 0.1974;\r\nassert(abs(slipAngle(vy,vx) - alpha_expected) \u003c 1e-4)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nvy = 3; vx = 15;\r\nalpha_expected = 0.1974;\r\nassert(abs(slipAngle(vy,vx) - alpha_expected) \u003c 1e-4)","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-04-28T09:23:16.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":18,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-04-28T09:23:12.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-29T15:10:04.000Z","published_at":"2026-04-28T09:23:16.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSlip angle represents the angle between the direction a tire is pointing and the direction it is moving.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven Lateral velocity \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003evy \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr/\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eand\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eLongitudinal velocity \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003evx, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr/\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ecompute slip angle \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eα\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEquation:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ealpha_angle = atan(vy / vx)\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":61339,"title":"Engine Displacement ","description":"Engine displacement is the total swept volume of all cylinders. \r\nIt is determined by bore (cylinder diameter), stroke (piston travel) and the number of cylinders. \r\nDisplacement is typically quoted in litres or cubic centimetres for consumer engines.\r\n\r\nGiven bore B (m), stroke S (m), and number of cylinders N, compute total displacement V_d (m³).","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 511px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 468.5px 255.5px; transform-origin: 468.5px 255.5px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eEngine displacement is the total swept volume of all cylinders. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIt is determined by bore (cylinder diameter), stroke (piston travel) and the number of cylinders. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eDisplacement is typically quoted in litres or cubic centimetres for consumer engines.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 391px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 195.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 195.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"imageNode\" style=\"vertical-align: baseline\" src=\"https://www.aa1car.com/library/engine_displacement.jpg\" data-image-state=\"image-loaded\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 21px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 444.5px 10.5px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven bore B (m), stroke S (m), and number of cylinders N, compute total displacement V_d (m³).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function Vd = engineDisplacement(B, S, N)\r\nVd = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%Test 1\r\nB=0.086; S=0.086; N=4;\r\nassert(abs(engineDisplacement(B,S,N) - (pi/4)*B^2*S*N) \u003c 1e-8)\r\n%%Test 2\r\nB=0.096; S=0.092; N=6;\r\nassert(abs(engineDisplacement(B,S,N) - (pi/4)*B^2*S*N) \u003c 1e-8)\r\n%%Test 3\r\nB=0.110; S=0.105; N=8;\r\nassert(abs(engineDisplacement(B,S,N) - (pi/4)*B^2*S*N) \u003c 1e-8)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":1,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-05-27T03:47:33.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":15,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-05-21T09:54:47.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-28T09:51:23.000Z","published_at":"2026-05-21T09:54:47.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEngine displacement is the total swept volume of all cylinders. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIt is determined by bore (cylinder diameter), stroke (piston travel) and the number of cylinders. \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eDisplacement is typically quoted in litres or cubic centimetres for consumer engines.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:customXml w:element=\\\"image\\\"\u003e\u003cw:customXmlPr\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"height\\\" w:val=\\\"385\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"width\\\" w:val=\\\"381\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"verticalAlign\\\" w:val=\\\"baseline\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"altText\\\" w:val=\\\"\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:attr w:name=\\\"relationshipId\\\" w:val=\\\"rId1\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:customXmlPr\u003e\u003c/w:customXml\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven bore B (m), stroke S (m), and number of cylinders N, compute total displacement V_d (m³).\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/image\",\"target\":\"/media/image1.jpg\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]},{\"partUri\":\"/media/image1.jpg\",\"contentType\":\"image/jpg\",\"content\":\"https://www.aa1car.com/library/engine_displacement.jpg\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":61307,"title":"Steering Ratio Calculation","description":"The steering ratio defines the relationship between steering wheel angle and road wheel angle.\r\nGiven wheel angle δ and Steering ratio N, Compute steering wheel angle swa.\r\nEquation:\r\nswa = N × delta","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 110.906px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 467.484px 55.4531px; transform-origin: 467.496px 55.4531px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eThe steering ratio defines the relationship between steering wheel angle and road wheel angle.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven wheel angle \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eδ \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eand Steering ratio \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eN, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eCompute steering wheel angle \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eswa\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eEquation:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eswa = N × delta\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function sw = steeringWheelAngle(delta,N)\r\nsw = N;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\ndelta = 5*pi/180; \r\nN = 16;\r\nsw_expected = 1.3963;\r\nassert(abs(steeringWheelAngle(delta,N) - sw_expected) \u003c 1e-4)\r\n\r\n%%\r\ndelta = 3*pi/180; \r\nN = 18;\r\nsw_expected = 0.9425;\r\nassert(abs(steeringWheelAngle(delta,N) - sw_expected) \u003c 1e-4)\r\n\r\n%%\r\ndelta = 10*pi/180; \r\nN = 14;\r\nsw_expected = 2.4435;\r\nassert(abs(steeringWheelAngle(delta,N) - sw_expected) \u003c 1e-4)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-04-28T09:26:27.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":24,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-04-28T09:26:22.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-29T15:10:46.000Z","published_at":"2026-04-28T09:26:27.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eThe steering ratio defines the relationship between steering wheel angle and road wheel angle.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven wheel angle \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eδ \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eand Steering ratio \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eN, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCompute steering wheel angle \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eswa\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEquation:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eswa = N × delta\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":61309,"title":"Steering Torque Estimation","description":"Steering torque is generated due to lateral tire forces acting through the steering mechanism.\r\nGiven Lateral force Fy and Lever arm r, Compute torque T.\r\nEquation:\r\nT = Fy × r","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 110.906px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 467.484px 55.4531px; transform-origin: 467.496px 55.4531px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eSteering torque is generated due to lateral tire forces acting through the steering mechanism.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven Lateral force \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eFy \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eand\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eLever arm \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003er, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eCompute torque \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eT\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eEquation:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eT = Fy × r\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function T = steeringTorque(Fy,r)\r\nT = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nFy = 1500; \r\nr = 0.15;\r\nT_expected = 225;\r\nassert(isequal(steeringTorque(Fy,r),T_expected))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nFy = 1000; \r\nr = 0.2;\r\nT_expected = 200;\r\nassert(isequal(steeringTorque(Fy,r),T_expected))\r\n\r\n%%\r\nFy = 800; \r\nr = 0.25;\r\nT_expected = 200;\r\nassert(isequal(steeringTorque(Fy,r),T_expected))","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":0,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-04-28T09:36:50.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":19,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-04-28T09:36:45.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-29T15:13:47.000Z","published_at":"2026-04-28T09:36:50.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSteering torque is generated due to lateral tire forces acting through the steering mechanism.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven Lateral force \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eFy \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr/\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eand\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eLever arm \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003er, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eCompute torque \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eT\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEquation:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eT = Fy × r\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"},{"id":61311,"title":"EPS Assist Map with respect to the Vehicle Speed ","description":"In Electric Power Steering (EPS), assist torque reduces as vehicle speed increases to improve stability at high speeds.\r\nGiven Steering torque input Ts, Base assist gain k0, Vehicle speed v and Speed sensitivity factor kv, compute assist torque Ta using a linear speed-dependent gain.\r\nEquation:\r\nTa = Ts × (k0 / (1 + kv × v))","description_html":"\u003cdiv style = \"text-align: start; line-height: 20.44px; min-height: 0px; white-space: normal; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, monospace; font-style: normal; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; white-space: normal; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 131.883px; display: block; min-width: 0px; padding-block-start: 0px; padding-inline-start: 2px; padding-left: 2px; padding-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 467.484px 65.9297px; transform-origin: 467.496px 65.9414px; vertical-align: baseline; \"\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eIn Electric Power Steering (EPS), assist torque reduces as vehicle speed increases to improve stability at high speeds.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 41.9531px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 20.9766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 20.9766px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eGiven Steering torque input \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eTs, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eBase assist gain \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ek0, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eVehicle speed \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ev \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eand\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eSpeed sensitivity factor \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003ekv, \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003ecompute assist torque \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eTa\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003e using a linear speed-dependent gain.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 700; \"\u003eEquation:\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv style=\"block-size: 20.9766px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 21px; margin-block-end: 9px; margin-block-start: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; margin-inline-end: 10px; margin-inline-start: 4px; margin-left: 4px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 2px; padding-inline-start: 0px; padding-left: 0px; perspective-origin: 443.508px 10.4766px; text-align: left; transform-origin: 443.508px 10.4883px; white-space-collapse: preserve; margin-left: 4px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 9px; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"block-size: auto; display: inline; margin-block-end: 0px; margin-block-start: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-inline-end: 0px; margin-inline-start: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; perspective-origin: 0px 0px; transform-origin: 0px 0px; unicode-bidi: normal; \"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"\"\u003eTa = Ts × (k0 / (1 + kv × v))\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","function_template":"function Ta = epsAssistSpeed(Ts,k0,kv,v)\r\nTa = 0;\r\nend","test_suite":"%%\r\nTs = 5; k0 = 3; \r\nkv = 0.02; \r\nv = 0;\r\nTa_expected = Ts * (k0 / (1 + kv*v));\r\nassert(abs(epsAssistSpeed(Ts,k0,kv,v) - Ta_expected) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nTs = 5; \r\nk0 = 3; \r\nkv = 0.02; \r\nv = 50;\r\nTa_expected = Ts * (k0 / (1 + kv*v));\r\nassert(abs(epsAssistSpeed(Ts,k0,kv,v) - Ta_expected) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n\r\n%%\r\nTs = 8; \r\nk0 = 2.5; \r\nkv = 0.01; \r\nv = 30;\r\nTa_expected = Ts * (k0 / (1 + kv*v));\r\nassert(abs(epsAssistSpeed(Ts,k0,kv,v) - Ta_expected) \u003c 1e-6)\r\n","published":true,"deleted":false,"likes_count":1,"comments_count":0,"created_by":2305225,"edited_by":2305225,"edited_at":"2026-04-28T09:44:14.000Z","deleted_by":null,"deleted_at":null,"solvers_count":25,"test_suite_updated_at":null,"rescore_all_solutions":false,"group_id":1,"created_at":"2026-04-28T09:43:39.000Z","updated_at":"2026-05-29T15:15:12.000Z","published_at":"2026-04-28T09:44:14.000Z","restored_at":null,"restored_by":null,"spam":null,"simulink":false,"admin_reviewed":false,"description_opc":"{\"parts\":[{\"partUri\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"contentType\":\"application/vnd.mathworks.matlab.code.document+xml\",\"content\":\"\u003c?xml version=\\\"1.0\\\" encoding=\\\"UTF-8\\\"?\u003e\u003cw:document xmlns:w=\\\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main\\\"\u003e\u003cw:body\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eIn Electric Power Steering (EPS), assist torque reduces as vehicle speed increases to improve stability at high speeds.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eGiven Steering torque input \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eTs, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eBase assist gain \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ek0, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eVehicle speed \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ev \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr/\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eand\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eSpeed sensitivity factor \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ekv, \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003ecompute assist torque \u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eTa\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003e using a linear speed-dependent gain.\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:rPr\u003e\u003cw:b/\u003e\u003c/w:rPr\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eEquation:\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003cw:p\u003e\u003cw:pPr\u003e\u003cw:pStyle w:val=\\\"text\\\"/\u003e\u003cw:jc w:val=\\\"left\\\"/\u003e\u003c/w:pPr\u003e\u003cw:r\u003e\u003cw:t\u003eTa = Ts × (k0 / (1 + kv × v))\u003c/w:t\u003e\u003c/w:r\u003e\u003c/w:p\u003e\u003c/w:body\u003e\u003c/w:document\u003e\",\"relationship\":null}],\"relationships\":[{\"relationshipType\":\"http://schemas.mathworks.com/matlab/code/2013/relationships/document\",\"target\":\"/matlab/document.xml\",\"relationshipId\":\"rId1\"}]}"}],"errors":[],"facets":[[{"value":"Automotive Combustion Engine","count":8,"selected":false},{"value":"Automotive Steering Systems","count":5,"selected":false}],[{"value":"easy","count":13,"selected":false}]],"term":"tag:\"automobile\"","page":1,"per_page":50,"sort":"map(difficulty_value,0,0,999) asc"}}