Problem 44351. Code breaker, Part I: Operation Phoenix

Created by David Verrelli

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As in the Cody Challenge Problem, uppercase and lowercase letters are handled independently of one another, and all other characters (e.g. punctuation &amp; numbers) are unchanged. Unlike the Cody Challenge Problem, here the number of letters to shift is not known in advance, and may vary between messages (also, here you need to decode, not encode).</w:t></w:r></w:p><w:p><w:pPr><w:pStyle w:val=\"text\"/></w:pPr><w:r><w:t>You can also assume that the original message will relate to an activity that is referred to by those involved as \"Operation Phoenix\". Therefore the phrase \"Operation Phoenix\" (with that capitalisation) would have appeared at least once in the original message.</w:t></w:r></w:p><w:p><w:pPr><w:pStyle w:val=\"text\"/></w:pPr><w:r><w:t>Your task is to crack the codes and report back in a</w:t></w:r><w:r><w:t> </w:t></w:r><w:hyperlink w:docLocation=\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/struct.html\"><w:r><w:t>structure array</w:t></w:r></w:hyperlink><w:r><w:t>: (1) the shifting parameter that had been used in the encoding [as</w:t></w:r><w:r><w:t> </w:t></w:r><w:hyperlink w:docLocation=\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html\"><w:r><w:t>uint8</w:t></w:r></w:hyperlink><w:r><w:t>]; (2) the decoded message [as</w:t></w:r><w:r><w:t> </w:t></w:r><w:hyperlink w:docLocation=\"http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/char.html\"><w:r><w:t>character array</w:t></w:r></w:hyperlink><w:r><w:t>]. The name of the structure array shall be \"s\", with respective fields \"shift\" and \"message\".</w:t></w:r></w:p><w:p><w:pPr><w:pStyle w:val=\"text\"/></w:pPr><w:r><w:t>EXAMPLE</w:t></w:r></w:p><w:p><w:pPr><w:pStyle w:val=\"text\"/></w:pPr><w:r><w:t>Suppose the original message was</w:t></w:r><w:r><w:t> </w:t></w:r><w:r><w:rPr><w:i/></w:rPr><w:t>\"Cancel Operation Phoenix immediately &amp; escape.\"</w:t></w:r><w:r><w:t> and a (right-shifting) ROT1 cipher had been applied. In that case A→B, B→C, ..., Y→Z, and Z→A; similarly, a→b, b→c, ..., y→z, and z→a. (Note that the shifting 'wraps' back around.) Thus the encoded message would be: </w:t></w:r><w:r><w:t> </w:t></w:r><w:r><w:rPr><w:i/></w:rPr><w:t>\"Dbodfm Pqfsbujpo Qipfojy jnnfejbufmz &amp; ftdbqf.\"</w:t></w:r></w:p><w:p><w:pPr><w:pStyle w:val=\"text\"/></w:pPr><w:r><w:t>The correct answer would comprise:</w:t></w:r></w:p><w:p><w:pPr><w:pStyle w:val=\"code\"/></w:pPr><w:r><w:t><![CDATA[s.shift = uint8(1) \ns.message = 'Cancel Operation Phoenix immediately & escape.']]></w:t></w:r></w:p><w:p><w:pPr><w:pStyle w:val=\"text\"/></w:pPr><w:r><w:rPr><w:rFonts w:cs=\"monospace\"/></w:rPr><w:t>Note: Many Cody solutions are hard to read and not necessarily computationally efficient. To direct attention toward efficient runtime speed of execution, timings are measured in the Test Suite, and reported back (if the submission is runnable and doesn't generate excessive text output). Although the timings are not perfectly reproducible, they do provide an indication of computational resource demand.</w:t></w:r></w:p><w:p><w:pPr><w:pStyle w:val=\"text\"/></w:pPr><w:r><w:t>To provide some extra motivation for you to get your code to run efficiently, it will fail the Test Suite if it is deemed \"too slow\".</w:t></w:r></w:p><w:p><w:pPr><w:pStyle w:val=\"text\"/></w:pPr><w:r><w:t>----------</w:t></w:r></w:p><w:p><w:pPr><w:pStyle w:val=\"text\"/></w:pPr><w:r><w:t>Next problem: </w:t></w:r><w:r><w:t> </w:t></w:r><w:hyperlink w:docLocation=\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44356\"><w:r><w:t>Operation Orthos</w:t></w:r></w:hyperlink><w:r><w:t>.</w:t></w:r></w:p><w:p><w:pPr><w:pStyle w:val=\"text\"/></w:pPr><w:r><w:t>----------</w:t></w:r></w:p><w:p><w:pPr><w:pStyle w:val=\"text\"/></w:pPr><w:r><w:t>Statistics on solutions submitted as at 15 October 2017:</w:t></w:r></w:p><w:p><w:pPr><w:pStyle w:val=\"ListParagraph\"/><w:numPr><w:numId w:val=\"1\"/></w:numPr></w:pPr><w:r><w:rPr><w:b/></w:rPr><w:t>Fastest wall time to decode 5000 messages = 93 milliseconds</w:t></w:r><w:r><w:t> , for</w:t></w:r><w:r><w:t> </w:t></w:r><w:hyperlink w:docLocation=\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351-code-breaker-part-i-operation-phoenix/solutions/1279303\"><w:r><w:t>Solution 1279303</w:t></w:r></w:hyperlink><w:r><w:t>, with a size-based score of 40.</w:t></w:r></w:p><w:p><w:pPr><w:pStyle w:val=\"ListParagraph\"/><w:numPr><w:numId w:val=\"1\"/></w:numPr></w:pPr><w:r><w:rPr><w:b/></w:rPr><w:t>Smallest size-based score = 38</w:t></w:r><w:r><w:t> , for</w:t></w:r><w:r><w:t> </w:t></w:r><w:hyperlink w:docLocation=\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351-code-breaker-part-i-operation-phoenix/solutions/1278780\"><w:r><w:t>Solution 1278780</w:t></w:r></w:hyperlink><w:r><w:t>, for which wall time to decode 5000 messages = 515 milliseconds.</w:t></w:r></w:p><w:p><w:pPr><w:pStyle w:val=\"ListParagraph\"/><w:numPr><w:numId w:val=\"1\"/></w:numPr></w:pPr><w:r><w:t>Best combined score = 49, for</w:t></w:r><w:r><w:t> </w:t></w:r><w:hyperlink w:docLocation=\"https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351-code-breaker-part-i-operation-phoenix/solutions/1279303\"><w:r><w:t>Solution 1279303</w:t></w:r></w:hyperlink><w:r><w:t>.</w:t></w:r></w:p></w:body></w:document>"},{"partUri":"/matlab/output.xml","contentType":"text/xml","content":"<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"no\" ?><embeddedOutputs><metaData><evaluationState>manual</evaluationState><layoutState>code</layoutState><outputStatus>ready</outputStatus></metaData><outputArray type=\"array\"/><regionArray type=\"array\"/></embeddedOutputs>"}]}

You have been tasked with decoding a set of coded messages that have been intercepted.Based on previous intelligence that has been gathered, you can be confident that the messages were encoded using a simple <a href = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar_cipher">Caesar cipher</a> (a type of <a href = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_cipher">substitution cipher</a>), an example of which is the <a href = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13">ROT13 cipher</a> (discussed in <a href = "https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/78-implement-a-rot13-cipher">Cody Challenge Problem 78</a>). As in the Cody Challenge Problem, uppercase and lowercase letters are handled independently of one another, and all other characters (e.g. punctuation & numbers) are unchanged. Unlike the Cody Challenge Problem, here the number of letters to shift is not known in advance, and may vary between messages (also, here you need to decode, not encode).You can also assume that the original message will relate to an activity that is referred to by those involved as "Operation Phoenix". Therefore the phrase "Operation Phoenix" (with that capitalisation) would have appeared at least once in the original message.Your task is to crack the codes and report back in a <a href = "http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/struct.html">structure array</a>: (1) the shifting parameter that had been used in the encoding [as <a href = "http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/uint8.html">uint8</a>]; (2) the decoded message [as <a href = "http://au.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/char.html">character array</a>]. 
The name of the structure array shall be "s", with respective fields "shift" and "message".EXAMPLESuppose the original message was "Cancel Operation Phoenix immediately & escape." and a (right-shifting) ROT1 cipher had been applied. In that case A→B, B→C, ..., Y→Z, and Z→A; similarly, a→b, b→c, ..., y→z, and z→a. (Note that the shifting 'wraps' back around.) 
Thus the encoded message would be: "Dbodfm Pqfsbujpo Qipfojy jnnfejbufmz & ftdbqf."The correct answer would comprise:<pre class="language-matlab">s.shift = uint8(1) 
s.message = 'Cancel Operation Phoenix immediately & escape.'
</pre><tt>Note: Many Cody solutions are hard to read and not necessarily computationally efficient. To direct attention toward efficient runtime speed of execution, timings are measured in the Test Suite, and reported back (if the submission is runnable and doesn't generate excessive text output). Although the timings are not perfectly reproducible, they do provide an indication of computational resource demand.</tt>To provide some extra motivation for you to get your code to run efficiently, it will fail the Test Suite if it is deemed "too slow".----------Next problem: <a href = "https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44356">Operation Orthos</a>.----------Statistics on solutions submitted as at 15 October 2017:<ul><li>Fastest wall time to decode 5000 messages = 93 milliseconds , for <a href = "https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351-code-breaker-part-i-operation-phoenix/solutions/1279303">Solution 1279303</a>, with a size-based score of 40.</li><li>Smallest size-based score = 38 , for <a href = "https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351-code-breaker-part-i-operation-phoenix/solutions/1278780">Solution 1278780</a>, for which wall time to decode 5000 messages = 515 milliseconds.</li><li>Best combined score = 49, for <a href = "https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44351-code-breaker-part-i-operation-phoenix/solutions/1279303">Solution 1279303</a>.</li></ul>

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Last Solution submitted on Nov 12, 2020

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Rafael S.T. Vieira on 11 Oct 2020

FYI: The fastest solution mentioned at the problem description uses a lookup-table. Don't beat yourself too much.

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Solution 1630421

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David Verrelli on 21 Sep 2018

Hello, William. I like very much the originality & especially the efficiency of your approach here. Am I correct in thinking that the existing code would struggle to correctly decode a message that was encoded from (say) "Beware of the Sasquatch Man's involvement in Operation Phoenix"? [I don't want to explain this, to avoid giving too many clues to others. But I hope you get my point.] Although I am confident you could tweak your code (if necessary) to handle such cases. —DIV

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Problem 44351. Code breaker, Part I: Operation Phoenix

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