The solution to this problem (assuming your soundcard supports it) is to use AudioPlayerRecorder and ignore the recorded signal instead of trying to use audioDeviceWriter with a variable. This is not very clear in the documentation for audioDeviceReader and audioDeviceWriter, and I am not sure what I was trying to do above is in fact possible with the current architecture. For now, I would only use the audioDeviceWriter when you have an audioFileReader to go with it.
In any case, I recommend looking through the code for the impulseResponseMeasurer app included in the Audio Toolbox for inspiration on this topic. Below is a good place to get started.
edit audio.irapp.model.ImpulseResponsePlayerRecorder