How on earth to graph discrete time signals?

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Alex Miller
Alex Miller am 8 Sep. 2021
Bearbeitet: Paul am 8 Sep. 2021
I'm trying to plot this discrete time function in MATLAB. I missed the last several of my classes due to sickness and as such have quite literally no idea what I'm doing. This is as far as I've gotten-
n = -5:1:5;
x = ((1 / 7) ^ -n) * heaviside(-n) + ((2 / 3) ^ n) * heaviside(n) + ((3/5) ^ n) * heaviside(n);
figure(1);
plot(t,y, '-b')
axis( [-1 10 0 1]);
This has been slowly cobbled together from other forum posts, and as such I don't understand it and it doesn't work. I'm pretty quickly running out of things to try. Any help?

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Star Strider
Star Strider am 8 Sep. 2021
The only problems were in not using element-wise operations (use the ‘dot operator’ with the exponentiation an d multiplication operators), and presenting the correct arguments to plot. With those corrections (the only ones I made to the posted code), the original code works. See Array vs. Matrix Operations to understand about element-wise operations.
n = -5:1:5;
x = ((1 / 7) .^ -n) .* heaviside(-n) + ((2 / 3) .^ n) .* heaviside(n) + ((3/5) .^ n) .* heaviside(n);
figure(1);
plot(n, x, '-b')
Another way to plot this is to use the stem fucntion —
figure(2);
stem(n, x, '-b', 'filled')
That sometimes makes more sense when plotting discrete values.
..
  3 Kommentare
Star Strider
Star Strider am 8 Sep. 2021
Thank you!
(For the record, I’m a physician. That’s what we do!)
.
Paul
Paul am 8 Sep. 2021
Bearbeitet: Paul am 8 Sep. 2021
One needs to be careful using the heaviside() function for discrete time problems. Unless the sympref is changed from the default, we see that
heaviside(0)
ans = 0.5000
Consequently, the code returns 1.5 at n=0.
n = -5:1:5;
x = ((1 / 7) .^ -n) .* heaviside(-n) + ((2 / 3) .^ n) .* heaviside(n) + ((3/5) .^ n) .* heaviside(n);
[n;x]
ans = 2×11
-5.0000 -4.0000 -3.0000 -2.0000 -1.0000 0 1.0000 2.0000 3.0000 4.0000 5.0000 0.0001 0.0004 0.0029 0.0204 0.1429 1.5000 1.2667 0.8044 0.5123 0.3271 0.2094
However, it's possible, perhaps even likely, that @Alex Miller's course uses the typical convention (at least in signals and controls) that u[0] = 1, in which case the result should be x[0] = 3. In either case, beware of using the heaviside() function for discrete time problems; make sure that heavisde(0) is consistent with the definition of the unit step function in the problem statement.

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