SDRu Transmitter
Send data to USRP device
Add-On Required: This feature requires the Communications Toolbox Support Package for USRP Radio add-on.
Libraries:
Communications Toolbox Support Package for USRP Radio
Description
The SDRu Transmitter block supports communication between Simulink® and a Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP™) device, enabling simulation and development for various software-defined radio applications. The SDRu Transmitter block and the USRP board must be on the same Ethernet subnetwork.
The SDRu Transmitter block accepts a column vector or matrix input signal from Simulink and transmits signal and control data to a USRP board using the Universal Hardware Driver (UHD™) from Ettus Research™. The SDRu Transmitter block is a Simulink sink that takes data from a model and sends it to a USRP board. The first call to this block can contain transient values, in this case the resulting packets contain undefined data.
This block diagram illustrates how Simulink, SDRu Transmitter and Receiver blocks, and USRP hardware interface.
If your computer is not connected to any USRP hardware, you can still use this block to develop a model that propagates sample time and data type information. To propagate this information, select Simulation >> Update diagram.
For information about the USRP hardware products that interface with this block, see the Ettus Research website.
This icon shows all ports, including optional ones:
Note
Starting in R2024a, the MathWorks® products and support packages you require to use this Simulink block depend on your radio device.
Radio Device | Required MathWorks Products | Support Package Installation |
---|---|---|
USRP2™ USRP N200, N210 USRP B200, B210 | Communications Toolbox™ Support Package for USRP Radio | Install Communications Toolbox Support Package for USRP Radio |
USRP N300, N310, N320, N321 USRP X300, X310 | Wireless Testbench™ Wireless Testbench Support Package for NI™ USRP Radios | Install Support Package for NI USRP Radios (Wireless Testbench) |
For details on how to use this Simulink block with a radio device supported by Wireless Testbench Support Package for NI USRP Radios, see SDRu Transmitter (Wireless Testbench).
Ports
Input
data — Input data
column vector | matrix
Input data sent to the radio hardware, specified as a column vector or
matrix. For a single channel radio, data is a
column vector. For a multichannel radio, data is a
matrix, where each column contains a channel of data. The range of
values for data are [-1 1]
for
double
or single
precision
data and [-32768, 32767]
for int16
data.
Dependencies
To specify the output data type, use the Output data type parameter.
Data Types: int16
| single
| double
Complex Number Support: Yes
fc — Center frequency setting
positive scalar
Center frequency setting in Hz, specified as a positive scalar.
Example:
88.9e6
tunes the transmitter to a
center frequency of 88.9 MHz.
Dependencies
To enable this port, set Source of
center frequency parameter to
Input
Port
.
Data Types: double
LO offset — Local oscillator offset
scalar
Local oscillator (LO) offset in Hz, specified as a scalar.
Example:
10
sets the LO offset to 10
Hz.
Dependencies
To enable this port, set Source of
LO offset parameter to
Input
Port
.
Data Types: double
gain — Transmitter gain setting
scalar | vector
Transmitter gain setting in dB, specified as a scalar or vector. The valid range of this gain depends on the RF daughterboard of the USRP device.
Transmitter gain setting accounts combined analog and digital transmitter gains of the USRP hardware.
For a single channel, specify the value for the gain as a scalar in dB.
For multiple channels that use the same gain value, specify the gain as a scalar in dB. The gain is set by scalar expansion.
For multiple channels that use different gains, specify the values in a vector, for example,
[5 12]
. The Nth element of the vector is applied to the Nth channel specified by Channel mapping.
Example:
10
sets the transmitter gain
level to 10 dB.
Dependencies
To enable this port, set Source of
gain parameter to
Input
Port
.
Data Types: double
Output
underrun — Data discontinuity flag
0
| 1
Data discontinuity flag, returned as one of these values.
0
— Data samples are not lost.1
— Data samples are lost.
Use this port as a diagnostic tool to determine real-time operation of the SDRu Transmitter block. If your model is not running in real time, you can adjust parameters that reduce the number of transported samples. To approach or achieve real-time performance, you can increase the interpolation factor. For more information, see Detect Underruns and Overruns.
Dependencies
To enable this port, select Enable overrun output port.
refLocked — Lock status of USRP radio to 10 MHz clock signal
0
| 1
Lock status of the USRP radio to the 10 MHz clock signal, returned as one of these Boolean values.
0
— The USRP radio is not locked to the 10 MHz clock signal of an external clock source or a global positioning system disciplined oscillator (GPSDO).1
— The USRP radio is locked to the 10 MHz clock signal of an external clock source or a GPSDO.
Dependencies
To enable this port, select the Enable ref_locked output port parameter.
Data Types: Boolean
gpsLocked — Lock status of GPSDO to GPS constellation
0
| 1
Lock status of the GPSDO to the GPS constellation, returned as one of these Boolean values.
0
— The GPSDO is not locked to the GPS constellation.1
— The GPSDO is locked to the GPS constellation.
Dependencies
To enable this port, select the Enable gps_locked output port parameter.
Data Types: Boolean
Parameters
When you set block parameter values, the SDRu Transmitter block first checks that the values have the correct data types. Even if the values pass those checks, the values can still be out of range for the radio hardware. In that case, the radio hardware sets the actual value as close to the specified value as possible. When you next synchronize the block with the radio hardware by clicking Info, a dialog box open to display the actual values along with other radio information.
If a parameter is listed as tunable, then you can change its value during simulation.
Radio Connection
Platform — Radio to configure
N200/N210/USRP2
(default) | B200
| B210
Radio to configure, specified as one of USRP platforms listed.
IP address — IP address of radio hardware
192.168.10.2
(default) | dotted quad expression
IP address of the radio hardware, specified as a dotted quad expression.
This parameter must match the physical IP address of the radio hardware assigned during hardware setup. See Guided USRP Radio Support Package Hardware Setup. If you configure the radio hardware with an IP address other than the default, update IP address accordingly.
The IP address list displays IP addresses for USRP devices attached to the host computer. To specify another known dotted quad IP address, enter it directly into this field.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Platform to N200/N210/USRP2
.
Serial number — Serial number of radio hardware
empty character vector (default) | character vector
Serial number of radio hardware, specified as a character vector.
This parameter must match the serial number of the radio hardware assigned during hardware setup. See Guided USRP Radio Support Package Hardware Setup. If you configure the radio hardware with a serial number other than the default, update Serial number accordingly.
The Serial number list displays serial numbers for USRP devices attached to the host computer.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Platform to
B200
or B210
.
Refresh Device List — Refresh the list of connected devices
button
Refresh the list of all connected devices to update the IP address or Serial number list. The updated list retains the value in focus before Refresh Device List is selected, even if the device with that setting was disconnected.
Info — Provides information about device
button
Provides information about the Platform associated with IP address or Serial number. IP address applies for N-series and Serial number applies for B-series devices. When you select the Info button, a new dialog box opens with information about the specified device.
Radio Properties
Channel mapping — Channel output mapping for radio or bundled
radios
1
(default) | positive integer | vector of positive integers
Channel output mapping for radio or bundled radios, specified as a positive integer or vector of positive integers. This table shows valid values for various radio platforms.
Platform Value | Possible Channel mapping Value |
---|---|
| When IP address includes N IP addresses: 1-by-N row vector |
|
|
|
|
When a scalar, 1
or 2
is specified, the device
operates in SISO mode. When a vector is specified,
the device operates in MIMO mode. When IP
address includes multiple IP
addresses, the channels defined by Channel
mapping are sorted, first by the
order in which the IP addresses appear in the list
and then by the channel order within the same
radio.
Example: When you set Platform
to N210
and
IP address
contains
192.168.20.2, 192.168.10.3
,
then Channel mapping
must be
[1
2]
. Channel mapping
values 1
and 2
of the bundled radio refer to channel 1 of
the radio with IP address 192.168.20.2 and channel 2 of the radio
with IP address 192.168.10.3.
Data Types: double
Source of center frequency — Select source of center frequency
Dialog
(default) | Input port
Select source of center frequency, specified as:
Dialog
— Set the center frequency using the Center frequency (Hz) parameter.Input port
— Set the center frequency using the fc input port.
Center frequency (Hz) — RF center frequency
2.45e9
(default) | nonnegative finite scalar | vector of nonnegative finite scalars
RF center frequency in Hz, specified as a nonnegative finite scalar or vector of nonnegative finite scalars. The valid range of this parameter depends on the RF daughterboard of the USRP device.
For a single channel (SISO), specify the value for the center frequency as a scalar.
For multiple channels (MIMO) that use the same center frequency, specify the center frequency value as a scalar. The center frequency is set by scalar expansion.
For multiple channels (MIMO) that use different center frequencies, specify the values in a vector. The ith element of the vector is applied to the ith channel specified by Channel mapping.
Note
For MIMO scenarios, the center frequency for B210 radio must be a scalar. You cannot specify the frequencies as a vector.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set the
Source of center
frequency to
Dialog
.
Data Types: double
Source of LO offset — Select source of LO offset
Dialog
(default) | Input port
Select source of LO offset, specified as:
Dialog
— Set the LO offset using the LO offset (Hz) parameter.Input port
— Set the LO offset using the LO offset input port.
LO offset (Hz) — Offset frequency for local oscillator
0
(default) | scalar | vector
Offset frequency for the local oscillator, specified as a scalar or vector. The valid range of this parameter depends on the RF daughterboard of the USRP device.
This figure shows that the local oscillator offset affects the intermediate center frequency in the USRP hardware. It does not affect the transmitted center frequency.
fLO offset is the local oscillator offset frequency.
fcenter represents the center frequency specified by the block.
To move the center frequency away from interference or harmonics generated by the USRP hardware, use the LO offset.
For a single channel (SISO), specify the value for the LO offset as a scalar.
For multiple channels (MIMO), the LO offset must be zero. This restriction is due to a UHD limitation. You can specify the LO offset as a scalar or as a vector.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Source
of LO offset to
Dialog
.
Source of gain — Select source of gain
Dialog
(default) | Input port
Select source of gain, specified as:
Dialog
— Specify the gain using the Gain (dB) parameter.Input port
— Specify the gain using the gain input port.
Gain (dB) — Transmitter gain
8
(default) | scalar | vector
Transmitter gain in dB, specified as a scalar or vector. The valid range of this gain depends on the RF daughterboard of the USRP device.
Set the value of gain based on the Channel Mapping configuration:
For a single channel (SISO), specify the gain as a scalar.
For multiple channels (MIMO) that use the same gain value, specify the gain as a scalar. The gain is set by scalar expansion.
For multiple channels (MIMO) that use different gains, specify the values in a row vector. The ith element of the vector is applied to the ith channel specified by Channel Mapping.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Source
of gain to
Dialog
.
Data Types: double
PPS source — PPS signal source
Internal
(default) | External
| GPSDO
Pulse per second (PPS) signal source, specified as one of these values.
Internal
— Use the internal PPS signal of the USRP radio.External
— Use the PPS signal from an external signal generator.GPSDO
— Use the PPS signal from a GPSDO.
To synchronize the time for all channels of the bundled radios, you can:
Provide a common external PPS signal to all of the bundled radios and set this parameter to
External
.Use the PPS signal from the GPSDO that is available on the USRP radio by setting this parameter to
GPSDO
.
To synchronize the USRP time to the valid GPS time, set this parameter to
GPSDO
. You must also enable the Ensure sync GPS
time parameter if the GPSDO is not locked to the GPS constellation at the
start of the simulation.
Enable gps_locked output port — Option to enable lock status of GPSDO to GPS constellation
off
(default) | on
Select this parameter to enable the gpsLocked output port, which indicates the lock status of the GPSDO to the GPS constellation.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set the PPS source parameter to
GPDSO
.
Ensure sync GPS time — Option to ensure GPS time synchronization
off
(default) | on
Select this parameter to ensure that the USRP radio time is synchronized to the valid GPS time.
When you select this parameter, the block checks the lock status of the GPSDO. When the GPSDO is locked to the GPS constellation, the block sets the USRP radio time to the valid GPS time.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set the PPS source parameter to
GPSDO
.
Clock source — Clock source
Internal
(default) | External
| GPSDO
Clock source, specified as one of these values.
Internal
— Use the internal clock signal of the USRP radio.External
— Use the 10 MHz clock signal from an external clock generator.GPSDO
— Use the 10 MHz clock signal from a GPSDO.
For B-series radios, the external clock port is labeled 10 MHz. For N2xx and USRP2 radios, the external clock port is labeled REF IN.
To synchronize the frequency for all channels of the bundled radios, you can:
Provide a common external 10 MHz clock signal to all of the bundled radios and set this parameter to
External
.Provide a 10 MHz clock signal from each GPSDO to the corresponding radio and set this parameter to
GPSDO
.
Enable ref_locked output port — Option to enable lock status of USRP radio to 10 MHz clock signal
off
(default) | on
Select this parameter to enable the refLocked output port, which indicates the lock status of the USPR radio to the 10 MHz clock signal.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set the Clock source parameter to
External
or GPDSO
.
Master clock rate (Hz) — Master clock
rate
scalar
Master clock rate, specified as a scalar in Hz. The master clock rate is the A/D and D/A clock rate. The valid range of values for this property depends on the radio platform that is connected.
Platform Value | Possible Master clock rate (Hz) Value |
---|---|
|
|
| Value from range
Default value is
|
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set
Platform to
B200
or
B210
.
Data Types: double
Interpolation factor — Interpolation factor for SDRu Transmitter
512
(default) | integer
Interpolation factor for the SDRu transmitter, specified as an integer in the range
[1,1024]
with restrictions that depend on the radio you use.
InterpolationFactor Property Value | B-Series | N2xx-Series |
---|---|---|
| Valid | Not valid |
| Valid | Valid only when you set the |
| Valid | Not valid |
Odd integer from 4 to 128 | Valid | Valid |
Even integer from 4 to 128 | Valid | Valid |
Even integer from 128 to 256 | Valid | Valid |
Integer multiple of 4 from 256 to 512 | Valid | Valid |
Integer multiple of 8 from 512 to 1024 | Not valid | Not valid |
The radio uses the interpolation factor when it upconverts the complex baseband signal to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal.
Enable time trigger — Option to enable timed transmission and reception
off (default) | on
Option to enable timed transmission and reception. To enable the radio to transmit or receive data after a specified time, select Enable time trigger.
When you select Enable time trigger parameter, you can:
Transmit or receive after the time specified in the Trigger time parameter.
Transmit or receive at the specified GPS time in the Trigger time parameter if you set the PPSSource parameter to
GPSDO
.Simultaneously transmit and receive after the time specified in the Trigger time parameter.
Trigger time — Trigger time in seconds
5
(default) | nonnegative scalar
Trigger time in seconds, specified as a nonnegative scalar. Specify the trigger time after which you want the radio to transmit or receive data. The Trigger time value must be greater than the current USRP radio time.
When you set the PPS Source parameter to
GPSDO
, specify the Trigger time parameter
as the exact GPS time in seconds at which the radio transmits and receives data.
Note
For AD936x-based B2xx USRP radios, you can expect a consistent delay between the specified trigger time and the start of transmission or reception.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, select the Enable trigger time parameter.
Enable MIMO Cable Sync — Option to enable MIMO cable synchronization
off (default) | on
Since R2024b
Option to enable MIMO cable synchronization. To enable the MIMO cable synchronization, select Enable MIMO cable sync.
When you select the Enable MIMO cable sync parameter, you can:
Synchronize two N200/N210 USRP radios.
Transmit or receive frequency, phase, and time synchronized data across multiple channels.
Share Ethernet across two USRP N200/N210 radios.
To build larger MIMO systems, up to 16 x 16, set the PPS Source
parameter to either "External"
or "GPSDO"
, and the
Clock Source parameter to "External"
.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set the Platform to
N200/N210/USRP2
.
Data
Baseband sample rate (Hz) — Baseband sample rate of output signal
scalar
This parameter is read-only.
Baseband sample rate of output signal, in Hz, specified as a scalar.
This parameter displays the computed baseband sample rate derived from the Master clock rate (Hz) and Interpolation factor parameter values. This computation uses the formula, Baseband sample rate = Master clock rate/Interpolation factor. If you change the Interpolation factor during simulation, then the block changes hardware data rate, but does not change the Simulink sample time.
To get more information on sample time, see What Is Sample Time? (Simulink).
Data Types: double
Transport data type — Transport data type
int16
(default) | int8
Transport data type, specified as:
int16
— Uses 16-bit transport. Achieves higher precision than 8-bit transport.int8
— Uses 8-bit transport. Uses a quantization step 256 times larger and achieves approximately two times faster transport data rate than 16-bit transport.
Specifying transport data rate data type as int16
, assigns 16 bits for the in-phase component and 16 bits for the quadrature component, resulting in 32 bits for each complex sample of transport data.
Enable underrun output port — Option to enable underrun output port
off (default) | on
To measure the number of samples lost during transmission, select this parameter.
If your model is not running in real time, you can adjust parameters that reduce the number of transported samples. To approach or achieve real-time performance, you can increase the interpolation factor. For more information, see Detect Underruns and Overruns.
Enable burst mode — Option to enable burst mode
off (default) | on
Option to enable burst mode. To produce a set of contiguous frames without an overrun or underrun to the radio, select Enable burst mode. Enabling burst mode helps you simulate models that cannot run in real time.
When burst mode is enabled, specify the desired amount of contiguous data using the Number of frames in burst parameter. For more information, see Detect Underruns and Overruns.
Number of frames in burst — Number of frames in contiguous burst
100
(default) | nonnegative integer
Number of frames in a contiguous burst, specified as a nonnegative integer.
Dependencies
To enable this parameter, select Enable burst mode.
Data Types: double
More About
Single and Multiple Channel Output
N200, N210, USRP2, and B200 radios support a single channel that you can use to:
Send data with the SDRu Transmitter block. The SDRu Transmitter block receives a column vector signal of fixed length from Simulink.
Receive data with the SDRu Receiver block. The SDRu Receiver block outputs a column vector signal of fixed length to Simulink.
B210 radio supports support two channels that you can use to transmit and receive data with SDRu blocks. You can use both channels or only a single channel (either channel 1 or 2).
The SDRu Transmitter block receives a matrix signal, where each column is a channel of data of fixed length.
The SDRu Receiver block outputs a matrix signal, where each column is a channel of data of fixed length.
You can set the Center frequency, LO offset, and Gain block parameters independently for each channel or apply the same setting to all channels. All other block parameter values apply to all channels.
For more information, see Single Channel Input and Output Operations and Multiple Channel Input and Output Operations.
Accelerate Performance of SDRu Blocks
Run your application with Accelerator or Rapid Accelerator instead of Normal mode. Note that some scopes does not plot data when run in Rapid Accelerator mode.
When you use accelerator or rapid accelerator mode, on the Model Configuration Parameters dialog box, navigate to Compiler optimization level tab, and then set the parameter value to Optimizations on (faster runs).
Performance analysis for SDRu Blocks
Starting in R2022a, the SDRu blocks show improved speed performance with fewer underruns and overruns. For example, you can observe a speedup (in megasamples per second (MS/s)) with fewer underruns or overruns at 10000 samples per frame when you simulate these models in Normal, Accelerator, or Rapid Accelerator mode.
Transmitter performance model
Receiver performance model
The table shows the speedup analysis of these models with no underruns or overruns for USB-based radios and Ethernet-based radios. This speedup analysis is carried out between R2021b and R2022a.
Transmitter / Receiver | Radio type | R2021b Normal Mode | R2022a Normal Mode | R2021b Rapid Accelerator Mode | R2022a Rapid Accelerator Mode |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Receiver | B-series | 15 MS/s | 25 MS/s | 20 MS/s | 35 MS/s |
Transmitter | B-series | 5 MS/s | 15 MS/s | 10 MS/s | 20 MS/s |
The models were timed on a Windows® 10, Intel® Xeon® CPU E5-1650 v4 @ 3.60 GHz test system.
Extended Capabilities
C/C++ Code Generation
Generate C and C++ code using Simulink® Coder™.
Version History
Introduced in R2011bR2024b: Synchronize N2xx series USRP radios using shared MIMO cable
Bundle two N2xx series USRP radios using a MIMO cable to share the clock reference, timing reference, and Ethernet interface. To synchronize multichannel transmission and reception using bundled N2xx radios, use the Enable MIMO Cable Sync parameter in SDRu Transmitter and SDRu Receiver blocks in Simulink.
R2024a: Support for N3xx and X3xx series radio devices moved to Wireless Testbench
Support for NI USRP N3xx and X3xx series radio devices has moved from Communications Toolbox Support Package for USRP Radio to Wireless Testbench Support Package for NI USRP Radios.
To configure these radios for use with Wireless Testbench, see Install Support Package for NI USRP Radios (Wireless Testbench).
R2023b: Enhanced support for time triggering in SDRu Blocks
You can now specify trigger time to enable transmission and reception of data at a specified time for a USRP radio. This property is available in the SDRu Transmitter and SDRu Receiver Simulink blocks.
R2020a: interp input port has been removed
Starting in R2020a, the SDRu Transmitter block removed the interp input port. You can not set the interpolation factor value for this block by using an input port. Instead use the Interpolation factor parameter.
R2020a: Sample time parameter has been removed
Starting in R2020a, the SDRu Transmitter block removed the Sample time parameter. Use the read-only Baseband sample rate (Hz) parameter instead. This parameter displays the computed baseband sample rate derived from the Master clock rate (Hz) and Interpolation factor parameters.
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